Abstract: The utilization of uranium, thorium, potassium isotope gamma spectra for uranium prospecting is an important means of radi-oactive exploration. Similarly, uranium, thorium, potassium elements in stream sediments can serve as important indicator elements for uranium geochemical prospecting and have played important roles in the evaluation of China's uranium resource potential. This paper discusses the effect and anomaly characteristics of uranium, thorium, potassium elements in stream sediments, and expounds geochemi-cal distribution characteristics and regularity of China's uranium, thorium, potassium elements. According to percentages of strokes, the anomalies of these elements can be divided into ultra-high anomaly (abnormal inner zone), high anomaly (abnormal mesozone), a-nomaly (abnormal outer zone) and high background. the relationship between the distribution of uranium, thorium, potassium anoma-lies and uranium mineralization is also demonstrated in this paper. As can be seen, the distribution of uranium, thorium, potassium a-nomalies has obvious regional characteristics, the existing anomaly area are highly consistent with four major types of uranium mineral areas in China, and hence the anomaly distribution has great significance for the prediction and evaluation of uranium and thorium min-eral resources.