摘要:
青藏高原作为地球陆地碳循环系统的重要组成部分,一直是科学家和环保工作者关注的热点,天然气水合物的发现是否会引发环境和地质灾害再次引起科学家甚至政府部门的重视.本文选用甲烷通量、近地表大气甲烷浓度、土壤甲烷浓度和甲烷稳定碳同位素为监测指标,以祁连山天然气水合物试采区为研究区,开展甲烷排放监测.结果表明:①祁连山高寒草原、高寒草甸区甲烷排放具有季节性变化和区域分布特点,最大排放值为19.2mg/m2·h,最大吸收值为-108 mg/m2·h,表现出巨大的碳汇潜力,对青藏高原碳循环具有重要意义;②甲烷碳同位素显示冻土区活动层大量存在微生物,10~30 cm甲烷主要微生物成因,微生物活跃期在夏季,冬季则减弱,微生物的代谢影响着甲烷的氧化和产生,嗜甲烷菌的存在对甲烷的排放起很大的控制作用;③试采前后近地表大气甲烷含量没有出现“爆炸式”增长,这与研究区天然气水合物的赋存状态和储量及试采方式有关;④甲烷排放受多种因素的影响,应加强对土壤温度、土壤湿度和pH值等因素的进一步研究.
Abstract:
As an important part of the earth's terrestrial carbon cycle,the Tibetan Plateau has become a hot place of warmhouse gas emission.The effect of gas hydrate exploration on ecological environment deserves much attention.In this paper,the authors studied the flux and isotope of subsurface methane in gas hydrate area of the Qilian Mountain.Some conclusions have been reached:1.Methane emission from alpine steppe and alpine meadow shows seasonal features.The maximum emission value is 19.2 mg/m2 · h and the maximum absorption value is-108 mg/m2 · h,demonstrating the role of carbon sink.2.Methane isotope data show that there exist a large number of microorganisms in the active layer of permafrost region.The methane in 10 ~ 30cm is the cause of microorganism,which is relatively active in summer and inactive in winner.The metabolic process of microorganism changes the oxidation-reduction of methane,and bacteria addicted to methane leads to the emission of methane.3.As for the occurrence state of gas hydrate and the way of exploration,the phenomenon of blast increase of methane in near-surface atmosphere does not appear.4.The emission of methane is influenced by many factors,and hence the study of temperature,moisture and PH value of soil needs further research.
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