Change in soil carbon pool in Songliao Plain and its cause analysis
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摘要: 基于东北松辽平原多目标区域地球化学调查数据,计算了表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳密度和储量,与全国第二次土壤普查时的土壤有机碳密度进行对比研究,分析了土壤有机碳密度变化的主要影响因素。结果表明:松辽平原不同土壤类型表层土壤有机碳与无机碳构成比例存在明显差异,沼泽土、暗棕壤、泥炭土、白浆土、水稻土、黑土等有机碳含量占土壤总碳含量的90%以上;栗钙土、潮土、风沙土、褐土等土壤有机碳含量占总碳含量80%以下。研究区当前表层土壤有机碳储量约为1 448 Tg,自20世纪80年代以来减少约115.94 Tg,下降了7.4%,其中进入大气估算约为104.88 Tg,占土壤有机碳损失的90.5%。不同土地利用方式中,旱地减少76.12 Tg,对大气贡献CO2最大,其次为盐碱地和草地,分别减少16.32 Tg和15.93 Tg。研究认为,造成土壤碳库减少的主要原因是30年来松辽平原气温的升高,旱地和草地由于温度升高引起的土壤有机碳库减少占总损失的70%,而包括农业生产、土地利用变化、水土流失等因素导致的有机碳减少仅占总损失的30%左右。Abstract: Based on the data of the multi-purpose regional geochemical survey in the Songliao Plain, Northeast China,the authors calculated the soil organic carbon density and reservesin surface soil(0~20 cm) and compared them with the soil organic carbon density obtained during the second national soil survey. Then it analyzed the main influencing factors of the distribution and changes of the soil organic carbon density in the plain. The results are as follows. The surface soil of different soil types in the Songliao Plain significantly differ in the proportion of organic and inorganic carbon. Specifically, the organic carbon in swamp soil, dark brown soil, peat soil, albic soil, paddy soil, and black soil accounts for 90% of the total carbon in soils, while that in chestnut soil, fluvo-aquic soil, aeolian sandy soil, and cinnamon soil accounts for less than 80% of the total carbon content. The organic carbon reserves in the surface soil in the study area is about 1,448 Tg at present. It has suffered a loss of about 115.94 Tg since the 1980s, decreasing by 7.4%. About 104.88 Tg (90.5%) of the lost carbon reserves has entered into the atmosphere. In terms of different land use types,the carbon reserves in arid land decreased by 76.12 Tg, which contributed the most CO2 to the atmosphere, followed by the carbon reservesin saline land and grassland, which decreased by 16.32 Tg and 15.93 Tg, respectively. It is considered in this study that the main reason for the decrease in soil carbon pool is the temperature rise in the Songliao Plain in the past 30 years. In detail, the reduction in soil organic carbon pool in arid land and grassland induced by the temperature rise accounted for 70% of the total loss of soil organic carbon pool, while the reduction in organic carbon caused by other factors such as agricultural production, change in land use, and soil erosion accounted for only about 30% of the total organic carbon loss.
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Key words:
- soil /
- organic carbon /
- carbon source /
- carbon sink /
- Songliao Plain
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