Geochemical characteristics of major elements in the black soil profiles of the Hailun area, Heilongjiang Province and their implications for provenance
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摘要: 黑土剖面中常量元素及其比值的地球化学特征与土壤的形成和发育有很大的关系,既反映了土壤发生、发育的程度,又反映了物源区的环境变化,是松嫩平原环境演化和气候变化的重要地质记录。为了探讨东北典型黑土的成因、成土母质来源以及化学风化的强度,选择具有代表性的海伦地区9条黑土剖面进行了常量元素分析,并与典型风成堆积物的元素地球化学特征进行对比,结果表明:①海伦黑土剖面主要常量元素(SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3)之和以及UCC标准化曲线均与典型风成堆积物具有较好的相似性,表明海伦典型黑土成土母质可能为风成成因;②化学蚀变指数CIA值平均为63.97,CIA—w(Na)/w(K)图解均显示属于初等化学风化程度,与典型风成堆积物相比,风化强度顺序为:哈尔滨荒山黄土>镇江下蜀土>西峰红黏土>海伦黑土≈洛川黄土;③ 0~30 cm黑土比30 cm以下的黑土具有更高的w(SiO2)/w(TiO2)、w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3)比值,说明晚期海伦典型黑土粒度较粗,石英含量较高。元素地球化学特征显示,表层和深层典型黑土的气候环境及物源可能并不完全一致,在30 cm左右发生了变化。Abstract: The geochemical characteristics of the major elements in the black soil profiles and their ratios are closely related to the formation and development of the soil. They reflect the degree of the formation and development of soil as well as the environmental changes in the provenance areas. Moreover, they are important geological records of environmental evolution and climate change in the Songnen Plain. To explore the origin, provenance, and chemical weathering intensity of the typical black soil in northeast China, this study analyzed the major elements of nine representative black soil profiles in the Hailun area and then compared these elements with the element geochemical characteristics of typical aeolian deposits. The results are as follows. ①The sum of the content of the major elements (SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3) and the UCC standardized curve of the Hailun black soil profiles were highly similar to those of typical aeolian deposits, indicating that the typical black soil in Hailun is aeolian; ②The average chemical index of alteration (CIA) was 63.97. The CIA-Na/K diagrams all indicated a low degree of chemical weathering. By comparison with the weathering intensity of typical aeolian deposits, the weathering intensity of the soil was in the order of loess in Huangshan, Harbin > loess in Xiashu, Zhenjiang > red clay in Xifeng > black soil in Hailun≈loess in Luochuan; ③The black soil at a depth of 0~30 cm has higher w(SiO2)/w(TiO2) and w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3) ratios than the black soil below 30 cm, indicating that the late typical black soil in Hailun has a coarser grain size and higher quartz content. The geochemical characteristics of the major elements indicate that the typical black soil in the surface layer and the deep layer may not have the same climate, environment, and provenance conditions, which may change at a depth of approximately 30 cm.
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