A multivariate statistical analysis of the distribution and influencing factors of heavy metal elements in the cultivated land of the Sanjiang Plain
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摘要: 地统计学和多元数据分析是讨论土壤中重金属元素来源的有效方法。对比不同地质背景区表层和深层土壤中重金属元素的含量和分布情况,可以为研究土壤中重金属元素的来源提供依据。三江平原是我国沼泽湿地分布相对集中的地区之一,属于温带湿润、半湿润大陆性季风气候,是我国重要的粮食生产基地,以农业生产为主。本次以三江平原为典型地区,从区域尺度上研究影响耕地土壤中的重金属元素分布的主要因素,分别对表层和深层土壤进行取样,计算As、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Cd、Pb和Zn共8种重金属元素的最小值、最大值、中值、平均值、变异系数及富集系数。结果表明,三江平原土壤环境质量优越,表层土壤中重金属元素(除Cd外)As、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量均略低于深层土壤;元素富集系数均小于2,仅有个别点位的表层Cd、Hg、As富集系数存在较大的值;通过地统计学和Pearson相关性分析,在5种成土母质区域,确定了表层和深层土壤中重金属元素的主要影响因子,综合分析表明, Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn的主要物质来源于成土母质,Cd、Hg、As在部分地区可能受到人类活动的叠加影响。
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关键词:
- 重金属元素 /
- 表层土壤 /
- 深层土壤 /
- 地统计学和多元数据分析 /
- 三江平原
Abstract: Geostatistical and multivariate analyses are effective methods to determine the source of heavy metal elements in the soil. The comparison of the contents and distribution of heavy metal elements in the topsoil and subsoil in different geological setting areas can provide a basis for studying the sources of heavy metal elements in the soil. As one of the areas with concentrated marsh wetlands in China, the Sanjiang Plain has a temperate humid and subhumid continental monsoon climate, is an important grain production base, and has a low degree of industrial activities. This study investigated the main factors affecting the distribution of heavy metal elements in the soil of cultivated land of the Sanjiang Plain on a regional scale. Samples were collected from the topsoil and subsoil of the Sanjiang Plain. The minimum, maximum, median, and average contents, coefficient of variation, and concentration coefficient of eight heavy metal elements (i.e., As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn) in the samples were calculated. The results are as follows. The Sanjiang Plain has superior soil environmental quality. The topsoil samples had slightly lower contents of heavy metal elements except for Cd (e.g., As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) than the subsoil samples. All these elements in the topsoil samples had concentration coefficients less than 2, except for those in the topsoil samples collected at certain points, which had high concentration coefficients of Cd, Hg, and As elements. The main factors influencing heavy metal elements in the topsoil and subsoil in five soil parent material regions were determined through geostatistical and Pearson correlation analyses. The comprehensive analysis results show that elements Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn mainly originate from the soil parent materials, and Cd, Hg, and As may also be affected by human activities in some areas.-
Key words:
- heavy metal element /
- topsoil /
- subsoil /
- geostatistical and multivariate analyses /
- Sanjiang Plain
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