Geological characteristics and prospecting direction of rare earth element deposits in North China
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摘要: 在系统收集华北地区稀土矿床资料基础上,分析了华北地区稀土资源现状及稀土矿床的时间、空间分布规律。分析认为,华北地区稀土矿床成矿类型主要包括沉积变质型、火成碳酸岩浆型、岩浆热液型、伟晶岩型和离子吸附型。根据华北地区稀土矿床构造位置及控矿特征,认为华北地区古老变质基底、太古宙—古元古代陆块边缘裂谷带、中元古代陆缘裂谷带、燕山期滨西太平洋活动陆缘均是稀土矿床成矿的有利地球动力学背景。区域深大断裂、地槽发育初期的火山—沉积事件及碱性正长岩和碱性花岗岩类岩浆活动,是寻找各类稀土矿床的有利构造—沉积—岩浆条件,降雨量高、冲积平原、棕壤—褐土分布区则提供良好的稀土元素地球化学背景。Abstract: Based on the systematic collection of information of rare earth element (REE) deposits in North China, this paper analyzes the current situation of REE resources and the temporal-spatial distribution regulation of REE deposits in North China.The mineralization types of the REE deposits in North China mainly include sedimentary and metamorphic type, igneous carbonate magma type, magmatic hydrothermal type, pegmatite type, andion-adsorption type. Given thegeotectonic locations and ore-controlling factorsof REE deposits in North China, the geodynamic background favorable for the formation of the REE deposits includes the ancient metamorphic basement, Archean-Paleoproterozoic rift zones on continental margins, Middle Proterozoic rift zoneson continental margins, and Yanshanian active continental margins in coastal areas of the West Pacific. Thetectonic-sedimentary-magmatic prospecting favorable conditions include volcanic-sedimentary events during the early development of regional deep faults and geosynclines and the magmatic activitiesof alkaline syenitesand alkaline granites. Meanwhile, the geochemical background favorable for REE mineralization consists of high precipitation amount, alluvial plains, and brown soil distribution areas.
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