Near-surface response of hydrocarbon-consuming microorganisms to the fault-karst reservoirs in Shunbei oil and gas field
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摘要: 顺北油气田是塔里木盆地的超深断溶体油藏,具有目的层埋藏深、断裂发育的特点。地震信号因沙漠地表吸收衰减严重,资料信噪比、分辨率低,勘探难度大。基于油气垂向微渗漏理论的微生物勘探技术可以探测断裂带的含油气性,配合地球物理,可提高识别断裂带含油气性预测的成功率。以顺北5断裂带为主要目标的微生物油气勘探试验研究表明,油气微生物丰度异常对断溶体油藏具有较好的近地表响应。与植被覆盖区相比,沙漠区的油气微生物指标(包括甲烷氧化菌和丁烷氧化菌)具有测量值低、波动性小的特点,但由于沙漠区特殊的生态条件,油气微生物受其他微生物群落的干扰更少,从而更能反映深层油气垂向微渗漏的近地表响应。应用结果显示,无论是甲烷氧化菌还是丁烷氧化菌,其高值异常区均主要集中分布于顺北5断裂带附近,同时,在顺北1断裂带附近也有较好的异常显示。从异常的走向来看,同断裂带的走向也基本一致,显示微生物异常带与断溶体油藏存在较高的关联度,表明油气微生物勘探技术在断溶体油气藏勘探中具有良好的应用前景。Abstract: As an ultra-deep fault-karst reservoir located in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang,the Shunbei oil and gas field prosses the characteristics of the large burial depth and fault development in the target formations.This oil and gas field is difficult to explore due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution of seismic signal data since seismic signals are absorbed by the desert surface and thereby suffer severe attenuation.The microbial prospecting developing based on the theory of vertical hydrocarbon microseepage can detect the oil and gas-bearing properties of fault zones.This technology,combined with geophysical exploration,can improve the success rate of the prediction of the oil and gas-bearing properties of fault zones.This experimental study of microbial prospecting in fault zone No.5 in the Shunbei oil and gas field shows that the abundance anomalies of hydrocarbon-consuming microorganisms show good near-surface response to fault-karst reservoirs.Compared to areas with vegetation,hydrocarbon-consuming microorganisms (including methane- and butane-oxidizing bacteria) as indicators of microbial prospecting in desert areas are characterized by low measured values and slight fluctuation.However,hydrocarbon-consuming microorganisms can better reflect the near-surface information induced by the vertical microseepage of deep-buried oil and gas since they are less disturbed by other microbial communities due to the special ecological conditions in desert areas.According to the application results,the high-amplitude anomalies of both methane- and butane-oxidizing bacteria are primarily distributed in the vicinity of fault zone No.5,and favorable anomalies also occur in the vicinity of fault zone No.1 in the Shunbei oil and gas field.Furthermore,the strike of these anomalies roughly coincides with that of fault zones,indicating that the microbial anomaly zones correlate strongly with fault-karst reservoirs.Therefore,the microbial prospecting for hydrocarbons has great application prospects in the exploration of the fault-karst reservoirs.
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