An analysis of influencing factors of visco-acoustic reverse time migration imaging in borehole seismic
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摘要: 当前油气勘探目标已由简单构造油气藏转向深层复杂构造油气藏,其具有的储层薄、分布广、赋存状态隐蔽等特点对地震偏移成像技术提出了巨大挑战。与地面地震相比,井中地震震源位于井中,靠近目的层,且波场少一次经过低降速带,因此理论上具有资料信噪比高、储层识别力强等优点,能够实现井周储层精细成像的目的。然而,井中地震特殊的观测方式使得成熟的地面地震成像技术难以直接应用。此外,井中地震震源能量弱,地层的吸收衰减效应的影响强于地面地震。因此,需要发展针对性的井中地震偏移成像方法。鉴于上述因素,本文将粘声逆时偏移成像方法应用至井中地震,通过模型试算探讨多种因素对井中地震偏移成像效果的影响,为井中地震技术在实际中的应用提供理论支持和技术指导。Abstract: At present,the targets of oil and gas exploration have transformed from simple structural oil and gas reservoirs into deep complex structural oil and gas reservoirs.The small thickness,wide distribution,and hidden occurrence state of the reservoirs pose great challenges to seismic migration imaging technology.Compared with ground seismic,the seismic sources of the borehole seismic are located in wells and close to target layers.Meanwhile,the times that wave field induced by the borehole seismic passes through the low-velocity zone reduce by one.Therefore,the borehole seismic has the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of data and strong reservoir identification in theory and thus can serve the purpose of the fine imaging of the reservoirs around wells.However,the special observation method makes it difficult to directly apply mature ground seismic imaging technology to the borehole seismic.In addition,due to the weak source energy of the borehole seismic,the formation absorption attenuation effect produces stronger impacts on the borehole seismic than on the ground seismic.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a targeted migration imaging method for borehole seismic.This study applied the visco-acoustic reverse-time migration imaging method to the borehole seismic and discussed the influence of various factors on the migration imaging effect of borehole seismic through model calculation,aiming to provide theoretical and technical support for the practical application of borehole seismic technology.
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