Accessing the distribution and ecological risks of heavy metals in soil in Hong’an County, Hubei Province through ecological geological surveys
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摘要: 为探索湖北省红安县土壤重金属空间分布特征,选定金沙湖和觅儿寺工业园两个重点调查区,系统采集表层及垂向剖面土壤样品,测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg含量。采用单因子污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属元素空间分布特征及生态风险。研究表明:调查区上述8种重金属元素平均含量分别为21.48×10-6、21.75×10-6、63.60×10-6、53.24×10-6、20.25×10-6、0.13×10-6、5.44×10-6和0.04×10-6,其中Cu、Cr、Ni和Cd污染积累相对富集,以轻微污染为主;重金属元素分布规律特征明显,轻微污染集中于高桥—永佳河基性—超基性混杂岩带和觅儿寺工业园周边,重度污染仅存在于八里湾东北侧零散锰钴矿化点, Pb和Hg含量在表层土壤富集,深层减少, Cr和Ni则在深层土壤富集,而表层减少,其他4种元素规律不明显; Cd和Hg单元素潜在生态风险较高,基于这两种元素的综合生态风险评价认为金沙湖城关镇周边、基性—超基性混杂岩带、觅儿寺工业园周边和八里湾镇锰钴矿化带为中等潜在生态风险地区,需加强生态监督保护。该研究成果可为红安县后期生态治理提供科学依据,并为其他生态地质调查的土壤工作提供借鉴意义。Abstract: This study selected the Jinsha Lake and the Miersi Industry Park as key survey areas to study the distribution of heavy metals in soil in Hong’an County, Hubei Province. Samples were collected from surface soil and vertical soil profiles to assay the contents of eight heavy metals, i.e., Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg. Both the single factor pollution index method and the potential ecological hazard index method were used to assess the distribution and the ecological risk of heavy metals. The study results are as follows:The average contents of the above eight heavy metals were 21.48×10-6, 21.75×10-6, 63.60×10-6, 53.24×10-6, 20.25×10-6, 0.13×10-6, 5.44×10-6, and 0.04×10-6,respectively. The cumulative Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd are relatively enriched in the soil and their pollution is slight. The heavy metals show distinct distribution patterns. Minor pollution exists in the Gaoqiao-Yongjiahe basic-ultrabasic melange zone and around the Miershi Industrial Park, while severe pollution exists in Mn-Co mineralized points scattered in the northeastern Baliwan. Pb and Hg are enriched in the surface layer but decrease in the deep layer, Cr and Ni show an inverse trend, while other elements show indistinct distribution patterns. Cd and Hg have high potential ecological risk individually in the soil in the surveyed areas. The comprehensive ecological risk assessment based on Cd and Hg shows that the surrounding area of the Jinsha Lake Chengguan Town, the basic-ultrabasic melange zone, the surrounding area of the Miersi Industrial Park, and the Baliwan manganese-cobalt mineralization zone are areas with moderate potential ecological risks, where ecological supervision and protection should be strengthened. This study can provide a scientific basis for later ecological management in Hongan. It also serves as a good soil reference for other ecological geological surveys.
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Key words:
- ecological geology /
- soil /
- heavy metal /
- distribution characteristic /
- ecological risk
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