Rapid determination of soil cation exchange capacity using a cation exchange capacity pretreatment system and a Kjeldahl apparatus
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摘要: 土壤阳离子交换量是指土壤胶体能够吸附的各种阳离子的总量,是反映土壤缓冲能力和保肥能力的重要指标,也是土壤环境评价等工作中必须分析的指标。传统的乙酸铵交换法(林业标准(LY/T 1243—1999))因其稳定性好、缓冲性强、重复性好而在我国土壤和农化实验室应用较为广泛,但在大批量土壤分析时仍然存在步骤繁琐、耗时长、效率低等不足。为了克服这些不足,本文结合前人的研究,分别从离心、蒸馏、滴定3大步骤对标准方法进行优化,利用CEC前处理系统对样品进行EDTA-乙酸铵溶液置换、乙醇清洗,通过全自动凯氏定氮仪对置换的铵根离子进行测定,从而计算CEC值;详细探讨了测定过程中乙酸铵搅拌时间、乙醇用量、凯氏定氮仪蒸馏时间对测定结果的影响,综合建立并优化了CEC前处理系统—凯氏定氮仪测定土壤中的阳离子交换量的分析方法。实验结果表明,在最佳的置换时间、乙醇用量及蒸馏时间等条件下,一批样品(100件)的测定时间仅需8 h,极大地提高了工作效率,与传统方法相比时间缩短了近85%。方法经国家一级土壤成分分析标准物质验证,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2%。该方法分析效率高、操作简单,极大地减少了人工操作可能带来的误差,提高了测定结果的准确度,适用于大批量土壤的阳离子交换量的测定。
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关键词:
- 土壤 /
- 阳离子交换量(CEC) /
- 凯氏定氮仪 /
- CEC前处理系统
Abstract: The soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) refers to the total amount of various cations that can be absorbed by soil colloids. It is an important measure of the buffering capacity and fertilizer retention capacity of soil and is also an indicator that must be analyzed in soil environment assessment. The conventional ammonium acetate exchange method described in Chinese forestry standard LY/T 1243—1999 has been widely used in soil and agrochemical laboratories in China due to its high stability, buffering capacity, and repeatability. However, when applied to the batch analysis of soil, this conventional method is time-consuming and has other shortcomings such as cumbersome steps and low efficiency. Based on previous studies, this study optimized the conventional ammonium acetate exchange method in three steps, namely centrifugation, distillation, and titration. Specifically, samples were treated with displacement using mixed EDTA and ammonium acetate solution and cleaning with ethanol using the CEC pretreatment system. Then, the ammonium ions displaced were determined using an automatic Kjeldahl apparatus, followed by the calculation of the CEC. This study discussed the effects of the stirring time of ammonium acetate, ethanol dosage, and distillation time in the Kjeldahl apparatus on CEC determined. On this basis, this study comprehensively established and optimized the method for determining the CEC in soil using the CEC pretreatment system and the Kjeldahl apparatus. As shown by the experimental results, under the optimal conditions of displacement time, ethanol dosage, and distillation time, the optimized method determined the CEC of a batch of samples (100) in only 8 h, which was shortened by nearly 85% compared with the conventional method, thus greatly improving the efficiency. As verified using the certified reference material for the chemical composition of first-grade soil, the determined CEC values agreed with the certified values, with relative standard deviations (n = 6) of all less than 2%. The optimized method is characterized by high efficiency and simple operation and can greatly reduce possible errors caused by manual operation and improve the accuracy of results. Therefore, it is applicable to the bulk determination of soil CEC.-
Key words:
- soil /
- cation exchange capacity (CEC) /
- Kjeldahl apparatus /
- CEC pretreatment system
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