摘要:
以海南琼中3个生态茶园为研究区,采集土壤以及对应茶树的根、茎、叶(包含老叶、新叶和嫩芽),对重金属在土壤—茶树系统中的迁移特征进行研究,分析重金属的迁移规律和饮茶所致健康风险。结果表明,土壤中Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg含量略高于海南岛土壤背景值,没有明显的累积。重金属在茶树不同器官的富集程度差异明显,其中Cr、Zn、Pb、Hg和Cd在根部富集,而Cu和Ni在叶片富集;Pb、Cd和Hg在老叶中的含量比在嫩叶和芽中的含量高,表现为随着茶叶生长而累积的特征;Cu、Ni和Zn在芽中的含量高于老叶和新叶,表现出在茶叶生长部位富集的特征。生物富集系数(BCF)表明,土壤理化组成、重金属种类和叶龄能够影响茶叶对重金属的吸收程度。风险评价结果显示,所有样品的目标危害系数(HQ)和危害指数(HI)均低于1,表明饮茶所致重金属健康风险处于可接受水平。本研究可为茶园重金属防控提供科学依据,对茶园管理和确保茶叶消费者健康具有积极指导意义。
关键词:
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土壤
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茶叶
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重金属
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植物器官
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健康风险评价
Abstract:
This study sampled the soil and the corresponding roots, stems, and leaves (including large leaves, new leaves, and sprouts) of tea plants from three ecological tea plantations in Qiongzhong County, Hainan Province. Based on these samples, this study investigated the migration of heavy metals in the soil-tea plant system and analyzed the migration patterns of heavy metals and the health risks caused by heavy metals in tea. As indicated by the results, the Pb, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg concentrations in the soil are slightly higher than the background values of corresponding soil elements in Hainan, showing non-significant accumulation. The enrichment of heavy metals varies significantly in different organs of tea plants. Specifically, Cr, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Cd are enriched in roots, while Cu and Ni are enriched in leaves; Pb, Cd, and Hg have higher concentrations in large leaves than in new leaves and sprouts, indicating that these elements are enriched with the growth of leaves; Cu, Ni, and Zn have higher concentrations in sprouts than in leaves, showing that these elements are enriched in the growing parts of leaves. Bio-concentration factors (BCF) indicate that soil physicochemical composition, heavy metal species, and leaf age have effects on the absorption of heavy metals by tea leaves. The results of the risk assessment show that the target hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard indices (HI) of all samples are less than 1, indicating acceptable health risks caused by heavy metals in tea. This study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metals in tea plantations and has a positive guiding significance for managing tea plantations and ensuring the health of tea consumers.
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