Active/passive source-based observation experiments and applications of fiber-optic rotational seismometers
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摘要: 在过去的20年里, 高灵敏度环形激光陀螺展示了旋转观测数据在全球地震学中的潜力, 而商用光纤三分量旋转地震仪的出现也预示着旋转地震学的发展进入了新的阶段。高灵敏度便携光纤旋转地震仪的场地实验在我国起步稍晚, 但其相关的数据分析研究工作已经在国外取得了一定的进展。本文详细介绍了一次主动源和一次天然地震的六分量(6C, 平移运动三分量和旋转运动三分量)联合共址观测实验, 内容涵盖了实验方案、实施步骤以及后续数据分析。同时, 对比分析了实验的相似性和差异性, 揭示了可能影响实验结果的主要因素。光纤旋转地震仪与传统地震计需固定在同一块刚性面板上来保证接收信号的一致性, 良好的地面耦合以及进行掩埋处理更容易得到高质量的实验数据。同时, 实验结果也表明, 水体的存在会影响面波表现和P波清晰度等。这些发现不仅丰富了地震旋转观测实验的实践经验, 也可为未来旋转观测实验设计提供参考, 帮助更好地完成实验, 获得更高质量的数据。在数据应用上, 本文优化了预处理方案, 该方案将主动源两测点后方位角计算精度分别提高了58.8°和50°, 被动源两测点的后方位角计算精度分别提高了24.1°和29.4°, 证实了该优化方案的可行性。单台六分量的数据应用也表明额外的旋转分量观测可以带来更多的地震波场信息, 引入旋转观测可以提高中国目前庞大的地震观测数据的利用率。光纤旋转地震仪拓宽了地震监测领域的技术边界, 也为地震学的研究注入了新的活力, 为未来地震学的研究开辟出新的可能。Abstract: In the past two decades, high-sensitivity ring laser gyroscopes have demonstrated the potential of rotational observation data in global seismology. Commercial fiber-optic three-component rotational seismometers have heralded a new development phase of rotational seismography. Field experiments for high-sensitivity portable fiber-optic rotational seismometers in China remain in the initial stage, whereas their relevant data analysis results have been obtained internationally. This study elucidated the co-located observation experiments on six components (6C, including three components of translational motions and three components of rotational motions) of an active source and a natural earthquake, involving experimental schemes, implementation steps, and subsequent data analysis. Moreover, this study revealed the primary factors influencing the experiment results by comparatively analyzing the similarities and differences of experiments. Fiber-optic rotational and conventional seismometers need to be fixed on the same rigid panel to ensure the consistency of received signals. Besides, proper ground coupling and burial processing contribute to high-quality experimental data. The experimental results indicate that water bodies will affect surface wave manifestation and P-wave clarity. These findings, enriching the practical experience in seismic rotational observation experiments, serve as a reference for the design of subsequent rotational observation experiments, thereby assisting in completing the experiments and obtaining higher-quality data. In terms of data application, this study optimized and substantiated the feasibility of the preprocessing scheme, with the backazimuth calculation accuracy improved by 58.8° and 50° at the two active-source measuring points, and by 24.1° and 29.4° at the two passive-source measuring points. The application of six-component seismic data from a single seismic station suggests that additional observation of rotational components can acquire more seismic wavefield information, thus the observation of rotational components can be employed to enhance the utilization of China's massive seismic observation data. Overall, fiber-optic rotational seismometers broaden the boundary of seismic monitoring technology, boost seismology research, and create new possibilities for future earthquake research.
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