Cepstrum decomposition of seismic signals and its application in hydrocarbon detection of ultradeep carbonate reservoirs
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摘要: 地震信号倒谱分解技术是近年来发展起来的一种烃类检测方法, 有利于突出宽频带地震信号内某些特定频段的弱流体信息。本文着重研究了基于傅里叶变换倒谱和基于小波包变换倒谱的地震信号倒谱分解技术, 并应用于顺北地区超深层碳酸盐岩储层烃类检测。对比分析了共倒谱剖面与传统共频率剖面的特征, 进一步详细对比分析了基于傅里叶变换倒谱和基于小波包变换倒谱的一阶和二阶共倒频剖面特征, 在此基础上, 对比研究了基于傅里叶变换倒谱和基于小波包变换倒谱的烃类检测效果。实际地震数据处理结果表明, 倒谱分解技术较常规基于小波变换的谱分解技术时空分辨率更高, 能给出更多的细节信息。小波包倒谱分解技术较傅里叶变换倒谱分解技术检测到的地震幅度异常剖面能给出更准确的含气性解释结果。Abstract: The cepstrum decomposition technology for seismic signals, recently developed for hydrocarbon detection, can highlight weak fluid information in some specific frequency bands of broadband seismic signals.This study explored the cepstrum decomposition technology for seismic signals using Fourier transform(FT)- and wavelet packet transform (WPT)-based cepstrum.Moreover, the technology was applied to the ultradeep carbonate reservoirs in the Shunbei area for hydrocarbon detection.A comparative analysis was conducted on the characteristics of common cepstrum profiles and conventional common frequency profiles.Furthermore, a detailed comparative analysis was conducted on the characteristics of the first- and second-order common cepstrum profiles of FT- and WPT-based cepstra.On this basis, the hydrocarbon detection effects were compared between FT- and WPT-based cepstra.The processing results of actual seismic data show that compared to the conventional spectral decomposition technology based on wavelet transform, the cepstrum decomposition technology manifested higher spatio-temporal resolution, providing more detailed information. Contrasting with FT-based cepstrum decomposition, WPT-based cepstrum decomposition provided a more accurate interpretation of gas-bearing properties through the seismic amplitude anomaly profiles.
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