摘要:
为探讨黔南平塘县及周边喀斯特峰丛洼地石漠化生态治理与农户生计模式,在分析区内水土资源及其空间匹配结构特征,以及石漠化与生态景观垂直分异规律的基础上,提出了:(1)峰丛洼地生物多样性藤冠配置技术模式,包含轻度石漠化藤本+乔木模式、中度石漠化藤本+灌木模式、重度石漠化藤本+草本模式;(2)峰丛坡地“下修复、上保育”的分段治理(垂直分异)模式及其技术体系,包含峰顶生态公益林自然恢复(保育)模式、峰丛中上坡生态经济型林草生态修复与混农林业模式、峰丛下坡高效复合农林经营与水土保持(生态修复)模式;(3)筛选出酥李、西番莲、土人参、旱脆王枣、欧李等耐瘠耐旱适生品种,并对这些品种及其组合模式的经济、社会与生态效益进行了初步分析,得到西番莲+冰脆酥李、西番莲+土人参、西番莲+酥李+土人参等生物多样性配置模式的经济效益最佳,其是就地解决洼地农户生计的有效途径,这在类似地区有重要的推广和应用价值.
Abstract:
Typical karst peak-cluster depressions are common in Pingtang county,southern Guizhou,where land rocky desertification is severe,and the eco environment was vulnerable,which are the primary factors limiting the local development and ecological security.To explore the model of rocky desertification ecosystem management and farmers' livelihood in this area,we make an analysis on the characteristics of soil and water resources and their spatial matching structure,and the rules of vertical differentiation between rocky desertification and ecological landscape.Then we present the suggestions as follows,(1)The technical model of peak-cluster depression biodiversity vine crown configuration,including mild rocky desertification vine+ arbor model,moderate rocky desertification vine + shrub model and severe rocky desertification vine + herb model;(2)Sectional governance (vertical differentiation) model and its technical system of the "lower repair and upper conservation" in peak-clusters steep land,including the mode of ecological public welfare forest natural recovery (care) on the summit,the mode of ecology economic forest-grass ecological restoration and agroforestry on upper and middle slopes of peak clusters,efficiency agroforestry management and water and soil conservation (ecological restoration) mode on the downhill of peak-clusters;(3) Filtering,Prunus salicina,Passifloracoerulea L.,Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.,soil dry crisp jujube,Cerasushumilis,and other desert drought resistant suitable varieties.Analysis of the economic,social and ecological benefits of these varieties and their combination patterns shows that the economic benefit of Passiflora coerulea L.+ ice crisp plum,Passiflora coerulea L.+Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.,Passiflora coerulea L.+ Prunussalicina+Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.,abiodiversityconfigurationmode,is the best.It is also an effective way to resolve locally farmers' livelihoods in the depressions and has an important value to promotion and application in similar areas.
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