摘要:
黔中高原台面处于贵州省第二阶梯,平均海拔800~1600 m.具有可溶岩分布面积广,岩溶极其发育,第四系土层覆盖薄,地下水埋深浅、地下水动力条件强等特点,岩溶塌陷是该区主要地质灾害之一.文章以黔中地区岩溶塌陷调查项目统计资料为依据,对岩溶塌陷分布及影响因素进行分析,结果为83.8%的岩溶塌陷分布在的峰丛谷地和溶丘谷地中、97.5%的岩溶塌陷分布于土层厚度1~10 m黏土中、83.7% 的岩溶塌陷分布于三叠系中统关岭组和中下统安顺组白云岩地层中、73.3%的岩溶塌陷沿活动断裂及褶皱地带分布、地下水是区内最主要的触发因素;在人为因素方面与地下水开采强度、城镇化进程等因素密切相关,且随城镇化进程及抽水活动的增加而增多.
Abstract:
Qianzhong Plateau table is in the second topographic step of Guizhou Province,with an average al-titude of 800-1,600 m.The area is characterised by widely distributed soluble rocks,extremely developed karst landscapes,thin Quaternary soil layers and shallow groundwater with strong groundwater flow dynam-ics.Karst collapse is one of the major geological hazards in this area.In this paper,based on the statistical data of karst collapse in central Guizhou,the distribution and influencing factors of the karst collapse were analyzed.The results showed that 83.8% of the karst collapse were distributed in the peak valleys and karst valley,and 97.5% of karst collapse was distributed in clay with layer thickness of 1-10 m,and 83.7% of karst collapse is distributed in dolomite formation in Guanling Formation of the middle Triassic strata and Anshun Formation of the early and middle Triassic strata,and 73.3% of karst collapse is distributed along the fracture and fold zones,of which the groundwater is the most important trigger in the area.In terms of human factors,it is closely related to groundwater mining intensity and urbanization process,which occurs along with the urbanization process and the increase of pumping activities.
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