秦岭某抽蓄电站水库区岩溶发育特征及透水性研究

丁瑜; 甘伟琪; 冯磊; 颜英军; 马飞鹏

doi:10.11932/karst20250105

秦岭某抽蓄电站水库区岩溶发育特征及透水性研究

1.
三峡大学三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室, 湖北宜昌 443002

2.
中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司, 陕西西安 710065

详细信息

作者简介: 丁瑜（1980－），男，副教授，博士，主要从事地质灾害、生物岩土方面的研究。E-mail：thirdding@163.com

通讯作者: 冯磊（1980－），男，高级工程师，主要从事水利水电项目工程地质、水文地质研究与管理工作。E-mail：175530900@qq.com。

中图分类号: TV697.32；P642.25

收稿日期: 2023-07-18

修回日期: 2024-01-25

录用日期: 2024-02-18

刊出日期: 2025-02-25

Study on karst development characteristics and water permeability of a pumped- storage upper reservoir in the Qinling Mountains, Southern Shaanxi

1.
Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China

2.
Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China

More Information

Corresponding author: FENG Lei, 175530900@qq.com

Received Date: 18 July 2023

Revised Date: 25 January 2024

Accepted Date: 18 February 2024

Publish Date: 25 February 2025

摘要

摘要:
秦岭是我国南北分界线，地形地貌、地质构造复杂，可溶岩分布广泛，岩溶是各项工程建设中无法回避的问题。岩溶发育可能造成水库渗漏，对抽蓄电站水库修建具有制约性影响。文章以陕南秦岭某抽水蓄能水库区灰岩为研究对象，采用钻探、钻孔电视成像及压水试验，对灰岩岩溶发育特征进行分析，结合岩溶发育特征，评价岩体透水性能。结果表明：研究区岩溶发育等级为强烈发育，岩溶裂隙普遍发育。溶洞呈串珠状分布，灰色鲕粒灰岩溶洞最发育，棕红色细晶灰岩次之，泥质灰岩溶洞不发育。研究区岩体透水性能为中等－极强，岩体透水性能与岩溶发育密切相关，平均透水率对数与线岩溶率呈线性关系，中等透水岩体岩溶以弱发育为主，强和极强透水岩体岩溶为中等－强烈发育为主。
- 抽水蓄能水库 /
- 溶洞 /
- 岩溶裂隙 /
- 透水性能 /
- 秦岭
Abstract:
China has a vast territory, with significant differences of internal and external forces such as lithology, geological structure, and climate in different regions, resulting in distinct regional characteristics in karst development. The Qinling Mountains is the north–south demarcation line in China, with complex topography, geological structure, and widespread distribution of soluble rocks. Consequently, karst in this region is an unavoidable problem in the construction of various projects. The development of karst may lead to reservoir leakage, posing a constraining influence on the construction of pumped-storage power station reservoirs. However, the current research on the characteristics of karst development at specific engineering sites in the Qinling area is relatively limited, and there is not much research on the impact of karst development characteristics on the permeability of the rock body in the reservoir areas. To provide a valuable supplement and reference for the study of karst development in the Qinling area, and to establish a reliable foundation for the design of pumped-storage reservoirs, leakage prevention and control, and risk assessment, this study takes limestone of a pumped-storage reservoir located in the Qinling Mountains of southern Shaanxi Province as the research object. Utilizing drilling, borehole TV imaging and in-situ pressure water tests, this study comprehensively evaluates the water permeability performance of the rock body. By integrating the characteristics of karst development, the research summarizes and analyzes the distribution patterns of limestone karst development in the study area. The permeability of the rock body is evaluated in conjunction with karst development characteristics, leading to the following conclusions:
The linear karstification rate of three boreholes in the study area is greater than 10%, with an encounter rate of 47.1%. This indicates a strong degree of karst development. Using the contour line of 3% karstification rate as the boundary, the study area is divided into two karst zones: Zone I and Zone II which includes Zone II-1 and Zone II-2. The karst in Zone I is strongly to moderately developed, with a relatively high concentration of caves in the borehole area. In contrast, the karst in Zone II is weakly developed, and caves are seldom found in the borehole area. The depth of the karst caves is predominantly distributed between 10 m and 60 m underground, representing a typically shallow-buried karst system. The karst caves are distributed in a moniliform shape, with ZK107 and ZK113 being the most prominent, where seven caves are vertically distributed in a single borehole area. The gray oolitic limestone caves are the most developed, followed by brownish-red fine-crystalline limestone caves, while argillaceous limestone caves are not developed. The development of karst caves is consistent with the solubility pattern of limestone. In addition, the karst fissures are generally developed in all borehole areas, and can be categorized into two types: joint-solution fissures and solution fissure zones. These fissures are commonly filled with mud, calcium and calcite.
Comprehensive analysis shows that the permeability performance of the rock body in the study area is jointly influenced by the karst development characteristics, the integrity of the rock body, and the filling characteristics. The logarithm of the average permeability (lg10q) exhibits a linear relationship with the linear karstification rate, which is expressed by the equation: lg(q)=A·Rlk+B, where Rlk denotes the linear karstification rate, and A and B are constants. The ratio coefficient A indicates the influence of karst development on the permeability of the rock body, with a calculated value equal to 3.39. Overall, the rock bodies in the study area demonstrate a pattern whereby the increase of karst development correlates with greater permeability of the rock body. A comparison shows that in moderately permeable rock bodies, karst development is primarily weak. In contrast, in strongly and very strongly permeable rock bodies, karst development is predominantly strong to moderate. The permeability of the rock body exhibits a clear linear trend, correlating with an increase in the linear karstification rate. Constant B reflects the effect of the integrity degree of the rock body on the permeability performance. Specifically, relatively intact rock bodies exhibit moderate to strong permeability (Constant B=1.58), while fractured and broken rock bodies indicate extremely strong permeability (Constant B=3.46). In addition, the filling characteristics of protogenesis fissures and karst caves can cause fluctuations in permeability. When the protogenesis fissures and karst caves are not filled, permeability tends to be high; however, when they are densely filled, the permeability will significantly decrease.
- pumped-storage upper reservior /
- karst cave /
- karst fissure /
- water permeability /
- the Qinling Mountains

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图 1 典型试样薄片鉴定

Figure 1.

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图 2 研究区钻孔、剖面示意图

Figure 2.

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图 3 研究区地表岩溶洼地

Figure 3.

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图 4 钻探剖面溶洞分布

Figure 4.

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图 5 钻孔岩溶裂隙及吕荣值

Figure 5.

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图 6 线岩溶率与对数平均透水率相关关系

Figure 6.

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