Characteristics of Cenozoic faults in Langshan area, Inner Mongolia: Constraint on the development of normal faults
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摘要:
阿拉善地块东北缘的狼山地区新生代发育有3期构造，分别为中新世NW-SE向挤压形成的逆断层，NNE向挤压形成的左行走滑断层以及晚新生代NW-SE向伸展形成的高角度正断层。结合阿拉善地块东缘的新生代构造，认为狼山地区新生代断层的活动与青藏高原东北缘的逐步扩展、应力场逐渐调整有关。狼山山前正断层目前是一条贯通的断层，其演化基本符合恒定长度断层生长模型，断层中间部位滑动速率最大，向断层两侧逐渐递减。从不同方法得出的滑动速率来看，进入全新世以来，断层滑动速率有逐渐变小的趋势。结合阿拉善地块内部及东缘断层震源机制解以及断层的几何学、运动学特征，认为河套—吉兰泰盆地和银川盆地属于两个性质不同的伸展盆地，两者通过构造转换带相连，转换区内断层表现为右行走滑。转换区5级以上地震可能是受区域性NE-SW向挤压，近南北向右行断层活动的表现。
Abstract:The Langshan area, located on the northeastern margin of the Alxa block, was subjected to 3 deformation stages during the Cenozoic, which produced thrust faults formed by NW-SE compression in the late Miocene, left-lateral strike-slip faults caused by NNE compression and active normal faults in the late Cenozoic. Based on peripheral Cenozoic structures around the eastern Alxa margin, the authors infer that these Cenozoic faults were related to the gradual propagation of northeast Tibetan Plateau and the readjustment of the stress field. The Langshan piedmont fault zone is now at a stage of linkup, which is compatible with the constant-length fault model with the highest slip rate in the central part. The slip rate from Holocene seems to tend to become lower relative to the slip rate since late Pleistocene. Combined with the focal mechanisms as well as geometries and kinematics of faults in and around the Alxa block, the authors tentatively propose that the Hetao-Jilantai basin and the Yinchuan basin are two different extensional basins linked by a transfer zone, in which nearly NNE-trending dextral faults are developed. The Mw >5 earthquakes within the transfer zone probably occurred on the steep dextral faults as the result of regional SW-NE compression.
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Key words:
- Langshan /
- normal faults /
- fault growth /
- Alxa /
- Tibetan Plateau /
- geological survey engineering
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图 8 a-断层位移-长度剖面, 分段断层相互连接达到断层长度L2, 之后断层以位移增加为主, 长度基本不变。SB为初始断层分段边界, d1和d2分别为单条小断层的最大位移值以及连接后达到的最大位移值, 阴影代表位移亏损区; b-断层连接后位移-时间曲线, 在t2时间段内曲线斜率变大; c-简化后的断层模型, 贯通断层的滑动速率由中间向断层端部线性递减(修改自Cowie and Roberts, 2001)
Figure 8.
图 11 阿拉善地块及邻区晚新生代断裂、GPS位移场以及大于4.5级地震分布图(GPS位移场引自Liang et al., 2013, 地震数据引自美国地质调查局)
Figure 11.
图 13 河套盆地和银川盆地震源机制解及地应力方位(震源数据高熹微等, 2015; GPS速度场引自Zhao et al., 2017)
Figure 13.
表 2 不同分段断层上下盘晚更新世湖相标志层海拔及滑动速率
Table 2. Elevations, depth and slip rate of the late Pleistocene lacustrine marker strata in different fault segments
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