Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks in the Dishuishan gold deposit in Gansu Province and its tectonic setting
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摘要:
滴水山金矿床为北祁连造山带西段赋存于火山岩中的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明，滴水山金矿区安山质晶屑凝灰岩年龄为（479.7±6.9）Ma，形成时代为早奥陶世，花岗闪长岩年龄为（426.9±6.7）Ma，时代为中志留世，含金黄铁绢英岩锆石U-Pb年龄（482.7±9.5）Ma，代表了赋矿火山岩的形成年龄，成矿时代应晚于（426.9±6.7）Ma；岩矿石地球化学特征表明，赋矿火山岩富集大离子亲石元素（LILE，如K、Rb、Th），明显亏损高场强元素（HFSE，如Nb、Ta、P、Ti），岩矿石稀土元素配分形式基本一致，呈右缓倾，轻稀土相对富集，具弱的铕负异常，形成于洋壳俯冲的岛弧环境，由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融而形成，在岩浆向上运移的过程中遭受了上地壳混染。花岗闪长岩SiO2=67.48%~72.68%，K2O+Na2O=7.15%~7.44%，里特曼指数δ值1.78~2.07，铝质指数A/CNK介于0.95~1.19，富集K、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素，稀土分配曲线呈右倾，轻稀土相对富集，具中等铕负异常，属钠质钙碱系列、弱过铝质I型花岗岩类，形成于弧-陆碰撞的火山岛弧环境，具壳幔混合成因的特点。综合区域地质资料，滴水山金矿成岩成矿构造背景为早奥陶世北祁连洋盆向阿拉善陆块之下俯冲，形成岛弧火山岩，为矿源层；中志留世，因弧-陆碰撞，形成同碰撞花岗闪长岩，晚志留世后造山作用及造山后的伸展，导致金的富集。
Abstract:Located in the west part of North Qilian orogenic zone, the Dishuishan gold deposit is one of the altered cataclastic rock type deposits hosted in volcanic rocks. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb chronology indicates that the andesitic crystal tuff was emplaced at (479.7±6.9) Ma, the granodiorite was emplaced at (426.9±6.7)Ma, and the gold bearing beresite was emplaced at (482.7±9.5)Ma, which represent the ages of ore-bearing volcanic rocks, whereas metallogenic age should be later than (426.9±6.7)Ma. The geochemical data suggest that the trace elements of volcanic rocks are rich in K, Rb, Th, and relatively depleted in Nb, Ta, P, Ti. The volcanic rocks and related mineral ores have similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns, exhibiting right-dip curve, the LREE are relatively enriched and Eu negative anomaly is weak. Combined with the trace elements and the REE characteristics, the authors infer that the volcanic rocks were formed in an island-arc setting, related to subduction of Qilian oceanic crust. The volcanic magma contaminated by the upper crust probably came from the partial melting of the mantle wedge, which had undergone metasomatism induced by the subduction fluid. The chemical composition of the granodiorite reveals SiO2 values ranging from 67.48% to 72.68%, K2O+Na2O values ranging from 7.15% to 7.44%, Rittmann index ranging from 1.78 to 2.07, and aluminous index A/CNK values ranging from 0.95% to 1.19%; the trace elements show enrichment of K, Rb, Th, U and relative depletion of Nb, P Ti. The LREE are relatively enriched and Eu negative anomaly is medium. The granodiorite belongs to Na calc-alkaline series weakly peraluminous I-type granitoid, and was formed in a volcanic island-arc setting of arc-continent collision and indicated crust and mantle source. According to regional geological data, the metallogenic tectonic background of the Dishuishan gold deposit was developed from the subduction of the North Qilian ocean basin beneath Alxa land block in Early Ordovician, which formed island-arc volcanic rock, and acted as main source bed→arc-continent collision in Middle Silurian period, which formed syncollisional granodiorite after Late Silurian period, and Qilian orogeny and intraplate extension in the post orogenic stage led to the enrichment of gold.
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图 1 滴水山金矿区大地构造位置(a, 据夏林圻等, 2016修改)及地质简图(b, 据资料➊修编)
Figure 1.
图 5 赋矿火山岩Zr/P2O5−TiO2图解(据Winchester, 1977; Zhu et al., 2012)
Figure 5.
图 6 赋矿火山岩及矿石的微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(a)及其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(b) (原始地幔值和球粒陨石值据Sun et al., 1989)
Figure 6.
图 7 花岗闪长岩SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)图解(据Middlemost, 1994))
Figure 7.
图 8 花岗闪长岩Na2O对K2O (a) (据Middlemost, 1972)和A/CNK对A/NK (b)图解(据Maniar et al., 1989)
Figure 8.
图 9 花岗闪长岩微量元素原始地幔蛛网图(a)及其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(b) (原始地幔值和球粒陨石值据资料Sun et al., 1989)
Figure 9.
图 12 花岗闪长岩C/MF−A/MF图解(a)(据Alther et al., 2000)和Rb/Sr−Rb/Ba图解(b)(据Sylvester, 1998)
Figure 12.
图 13 研究区赋矿火山岩和花岗闪长岩Y+Nb对Rb (a)与Yb+Ta对Rb (b)图解(据Pearce et al., 1984)
Figure 13.
图 14 花岗闪长岩SiO2-Nb (a)(底图据毛景文等, 2004)和R1-R2图解(b)(底图据Bachelor, 1985)
Figure 14.
表 1 滴水山矿区和寒山矿区赋矿火山岩及金矿石主量元素(%)、微量元素和稀土元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1. Major elements(%), trace elements and REE analyses(10-6)of volcanic rocks and ore in Dishuishan and Hanshan gold orefield
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表 2 滴水山矿区和寒山矿区花岗闪长岩主量元素(%)、微量元素、稀土元素(10−6)分析及CIPW计算结果
Table 2. Major elements, trace elements, REE and CIPW calculation results of granodiorite in Dishuishan and Hanshan gold orefield
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表 3 滴水山金矿区LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb测试结果
Table 3. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb dating results in Dishuishan gold orefield
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