Geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes of the Ashawayi gold deposit in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen and its orogenic-type gold deposit
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摘要:
研究目的 阿沙哇义金矿位于西南天山，处在“亚洲金腰带”的中南缘，是最近几年新探明、中型规模的金矿，矿床基础研究程度较低。
研究方法 通过野外地质调查，室内开展流体包裹体岩相学、成分分析、测温、H-O同位素等研究。
研究结果 提出矿床的含矿地层为上石炭统喀拉治尔加组，矿体产于NEE走向逆冲推覆构造系统的次级断裂内；成矿可分为3阶段，早—中阶段发育H2O溶液型、CO2-H2O型及纯CO2型三种流体包裹体，但晚期仅发育纯H2O溶液型包裹体。其中早期均一温度236~386℃，盐度1.6%~9.7% NaCl eqv.；中期均一温度225~301℃，盐度1.4%~12.5% NaCl eqv.；晚期均一温度139~222℃，盐度1.4%~7.3% NaCl eqv.；流体包裹体激光拉曼图谱显示液体成分为H2O和CO2，含CH4和N2；表明成矿流体具中低温、富CO2、含CH4和N2、低盐度的变质流体特征；根据CO2-H2O型包裹体估算早—中期压力分别为140~180 MPa和130~160 MPa，对应的静岩压力深度分别为5~7 km和5~6 km；石英的H-O同位素结果显示成矿流体从早期深源变质流体，经中期变质流体与大气降水混合流体，晚期向浅源大气降水热液演化。
结论 综合分析认为，压力降低，流体不混溶或沸腾，CO2、CH4等气体逃逸，发育硫化、碳酸盐化这一过程是阿沙哇义金矿床金快速沉淀的主要机制，矿床属于典型的中浅成造山型金矿床。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Ashawayi gold deposit, located at the central and southern margin of the "Asian Gold Belt", is a newly discovered medium-sized gold deposit in southwestern Tianshan Orogen, NW China.
Methods Through field geological survey, indoor research on fluid inclusion petrology, fluid inclusion composition analysis, fluid inclusion temperature measurement, H-O isotope and so on is carried out.
Results The deposits are hosted in Kalazierjiao Group, Late Carboniferous, and ore bodies are produced in secondary faults of the NEE-trending thrust nappe system. According to the relationship between vein cutting and mineral metastasis, the mineralization process can be divided into three stages. Microscopic observation analyses of inclusions in quartz showed that there were three compositional types of fluid inclusions, i.e. pure CO2, CO2-H2O and NaCl-H2O in the early and middle stage, but only pure H2O inclusions in the latest. Measurement of inclusions trapped in quartz revealed that the total homogenization temperatures were 236-386℃ in the early stage, 225-301℃ in middle and 139-222℃ in last, respectively, with corresponding salinities of 1.6%-9.7%, 1.4%-12.5%, and 1.4%-7.3% NaCl eqv.. The laser Raman spectrum of fluid inclusions showed that the liquid was composed of H2O and CO2, a few of CH4 and N2, indicating that the ore-forming fluid was a kind of medium-low temperature, rich of CO2, bearing few of CH4 and N2, and low-salinity metamorphic fluids. The estimated pressures based on CO2-H2O type inclusions are 140-180 MPa in the early stage and 130-160 MPa in the middle, corresponding a depth of 5-7 km and 5-6 km, respectively, under the static rock pressure. The content of H-O isotopes of quartz showed ore-forming fluids changing from a kind of deep-source metamorphic fluid in the early stage, to a metaphase and atmospheric precipitation mixed fluid in the middle, and to a hydrothermal fluid of late-seasonal precipitation in the last.
Conclusions Comprehensive analysis suggested that the fluid system stress reduction, immiscible or boiling, the escape of CO2-CH4 and other gases, and the development of vulcanization and carbonate, should result to the rapid precipitation of the gold and the deposit is a typical medium-shallow orogenic-type gold deposit.
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图 1 西南天山金多金属成矿带区域构造矿产简图（据薛春纪等, 2014a, b; Zhang et al., 2017修改）
Figure 1.
图 10 含盐度为6%的CO2-H2O-NaCl包裹体XCO2、VCO2 (40℃)、ρ和T关系图（A1、B1）和含盐度为6%的CO2-H2O-NaCl包裹体XCO2、VCO2(40℃)和P关系图（A2、B2）
Figure 10.
图 11 阿沙哇义金矿床成矿流体 δ18O-δD组成（底图据Taylor, 1974）
Figure 11.
表 1 阿沙哇义金矿床成矿期次划分及矿物共生组合特征
Table 1. Division of mineralization stages and mineral symbiosis of the Ashawayi gold deposit
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表 2 阿沙哇义金矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果
Table 2. Micro-thermometry results of fluid inclusions in the Ashawayi gold deposit
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表 3 阿沙哇义金矿床流体的δ18O和δD（‰）
Table 3. The δ18O and δD rations (‰) of the Ashawayi gold deposit
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表 4 阿沙哇义金矿床与造山型金矿的地质、成矿流体特征对比
Table 4. The geological and ore-fluid features of the Ashawayi gold deposit and their comparison with the orogenic-types gold deposits
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