Zircon U−Pb dating and geochemistry of basalt in Guaizhangshan Group from the Southern Danghe Mountain in South Qilian and its tectonic setting
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摘要:
研究目的 前人在南祁连志留纪巴龙贡噶尔组中解体出新元古代拐杖山岩群，对该群中玄武岩的年龄、成因与成岩构造环境的研究是厘清南祁连地区构造演化的重要手段。
研究方法 本文基于 LA−ICP−MS 锆石 U−Pb 年龄和全岩地球化学分析等方法研究拐杖山岩群火山岩的形成年代、地球化学特征及地质意义。
研究结果 锆石U−Pb定年结果显示，玄武岩喷发年龄为（786.6±5.8）Ma，表明拐杖山岩群形成于新元古代早期。岩石地球化学分析结果表明，玄武岩SiO2含量在48.09%~50.97%，高TiO2（1.34%~2.55%），低MgO（5.78%~7.11%），显示亚碱性拉斑玄武岩特征。岩石轻、重稀土分异明显（(La/Yb)N=3.76~4.51），无明显Eu异常（δEu=0.80~1.05），大离子亲石元素Ba、Th、U相对富集，Pb强富集，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。
结论 岩石地球化学特征暗示拐杖山岩群玄武岩是遭受陆壳物质混染的地幔源区玄武岩，该火山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境，响应了全球新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解事件。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
Objective The Neoproterozoic Guaizhangshan Group was disintegrated from the Silurian Balonggonggaer Formation. The study of the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the basalt in Guaizhangshan Group is crucial to clarify the tectonic evolution of South Qilian.
Methods Based on LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb datingand whole−rock geochemistry analysis, the formation age, geochemical characteristics and geological significance of the basalt in Guaizhangshan Group are constrained.
Results The dating results indicate the eruption age of the basalt is (786.6±5.8) Ma, suggesting that the Guaizhangshan Group formed during Early Neoproterozoic. Geochemical analyses of the basalt show that: SiO2=48.09%–50.97%, TiO2=1.34%–2.55%, MgO=5.78%–7.11%, displaying characteristics of subalkaline tholeiite; Significant differentiation between light rare earth element (LREE)and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) ((La/Yb)N=3.76–4.51), and inconspicuous Eu anomalies (δEu=0.80–1.05); Enrichment of Ba, Th, U, Pb, and depletionin Nb, Ta, Ti.
Conclusions These geochemical characteristics indicate that the basalts were derived from mantle and contaminated by crustal materials. The basalt was formed in continental rift setting, which may be relevant to the break−up of the Rodinia supercontinent.
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Key words:
- zircon U−Pb dating /
- basalt /
- Guaizhangshan Group /
- tectonic setting /
- geological survey engineering /
- southern Qilian
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图 1 祁连陆块构造位置与地质略图（a）（据夏林圻等, 2016）和南祁连党河南山地区地质简图（b）（据徐学义等, 2009修改）
Figure 1.
图 5 拐杖山岩群玄武岩SiO2−Nb/Y图解（a）（据Winchester and Floyd, 1977）和FeOT/MgO−SiO2图解（b）（据Miyashiro, 1975）
Figure 5.
表 1 拐杖山岩群玄武岩锆石LA−ICP−MS U−Pb年龄
Table 1. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb ages of basalt in the Guaizhangshan Group
测点号 含量/10−6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb U Th 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ PMJ−17−01 160 738 78 0.1 0.1652 0.0031 10.8258 0.1964 0.4756 0.0058 2509 31 2508 17 2508 26 PMJ−17−02 46 87 35 0.4 0.0660 0.0028 1.1739 0.0483 0.1291 0.0019 806 86 789 23 783 11 PMJ−17−03 158 230 258 1.1 0.0707 0.0046 1.2754 0.0814 0.1309 0.0026 949 129 835 36 793 15 PMJ−17−04 33 174 106 0.6 0.0639 0.0028 1.1396 0.0480 0.1294 0.0019 738 89 772 23 785 11 PMJ−17−05 406 455 450 1.0 0.0668 0.0013 1.2004 0.0234 0.1304 0.0014 831 41 801 11 790 8 PMJ−17−06 45 63 25 0.4 0.1610 0.0035 10.3782 0.2175 0.4677 0.0061 2466 36 2469 19 2473 27 PMJ−17−07 21 252 302 1.2 0.0680 0.0030 1.2215 0.0518 0.1304 0.0019 867 88 811 24 790 11 PMJ−17−08 159 734 76 0.1 0.0773 0.0019 2.0370 0.0480 0.1912 0.0023 1129 47 1128 16 1128 12 PMJ−17−09 418 460 452 1.0 0.113 0.0018 5.1850 0.0794 0.3321 0.0036 1853 28 1850 13 1849 17 PMJ−17−10 62 119 496 4.2 0.0768 0.0033 1.9918 0.0838 0.1882 0.0028 1115 84 1113 28 1112 15 PMJ−17−11 42 58 21 0.4 0.0727 0.0056 1.3080 0.0977 0.1305 0.0028 1006 148 849 43 791 16 PMJ−17−12 48 94 137 1.5 0.0672 0.0028 1.2144 0.0500 0.1312 0.0019 843 85 807 23 795 11 PMJ−17−13 45 86 85 1.0 0.0659 0.0040 1.1792 0.0704 0.1298 0.0023 805 123 791 33 786 13 PMJ−17−14 116 223 238 1.1 0.0647 0.0066 1.1614 0.1157 0.1302 0.0030 765 200 783 54 789 17 PMJ−17−15 133 316 254 0.8 0.0652 0.0022 1.1623 0.0374 0.1294 0.0016 780 68 783 18 784 9 PMJ−17−16 107 397 145 0.4 0.0651 0.0039 1.1525 0.0675 0.1285 0.0022 777 121 778 32 779 13 PMJ−17−17 52 69 89 1.3 0.0653 0.0043 1.1597 0.0739 0.1289 0.0024 783 131 782 35 782 14 PMJ−17−18 83 104 68 0.7 0.0775 0.0013 2.1672 0.0360 0.2028 0.0022 1135 34 1171 12 1191 12 PMJ−17−19 19 116 62 0.5 0.0652 0.0059 1.1574 0.1026 0.1287 0.0031 782 180 781 48 781 18 PMJ−17−20 385 290 101 0.3 0.0674 0.0043 1.1931 0.0743 0.1285 0.0023 849 127 797 34 779 13 PMJ−17−21 41 80 99 1.2 0.0786 0.0027 2.1432 0.0710 0.1979 0.0027 1162 66 1163 23 1164 14 PMJ−17−22 14 27 45 1.7 0.0655 0.0045 1.1743 0.0791 0.1302 0.0025 789 138 789 37 789 14 PMJ−17−23 56 108 80 0.7 0.0652 0.0063 1.1598 0.1103 0.1290 0.0031 781 192 782 52 782 18 PMJ−17−24 22 223 175 0.8 0.0653 0.0038 1.1693 0.0668 0.1299 0.0022 784 118 786 31 787 13 
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表 2 拐杖山岩群玄武岩主量元素(%)和微量、稀土元素(10−6)分析结果
Table 2. Major (%), trace and rare earth elements concentrations (10−6) of basalt in the Guaizhangshan Group
样号 PMJ−17−1h PMJ−17−2h PMJ−17−3h PMJ−17−4h PMJ−17−5h PMJ−17−6h PMJ−17−7h SiO2 48.53 50.97 48.2 49.11 49.88 49.81 48.09 Al2O3 15.4 13.66 11.92 13.8 14.0 13.51 15.73 Fe2O3 3.24 2.64 3.20 2.85 3.40 2.84 3.29 FeO 8.23 7.49 8.27 7.29 7.04 7.61 7.37 CaO 8.04 8.72 11.46 10.79 10.36 10.54 9.29 MgO 5.95 5.78 7.03 6.05 5.92 6.36 7.11 K2O 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.27 Na2O 4.14 4.46 2.78 3.72 3.64 3.46 3.03 TiO2 1.34 1.56 2.55 1.88 1.98 1.99 1.38 P2O5 0.19 0.18 0.12 0.16 0.13 0.12 0.19 MnO 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.18 LOI 4.46 4.10 3.98 3.90 3.18 3.31 4.02 Total 99.9 99.9 99.87 99.91 99.88 99.9 99.95 Mg# 48.58 50.85 52.67 52.04 50.89 52.47 54.90 Pb 15.3 19.3 27.3 16.9 12.4 19.8 23.5 Zn 80.8 83.8 97.5 91.5 79.9 90.4 104 Cr 95.8 156 184 106 132 167 114 Ni 35.4 25.4 31.5 33.9 27.4 28.4 89.0 Co 37.8 35.0 41.7 42.4 38.0 40.8 52.3 Li 24.8 18.4 15.3 14.0 13.8 15.1 45.6 Rb 6.21 3.23 2.03 2.74 2.96 2.40 25.1 Cs 0.19 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.11 1.02 Sr 355 287 330 409 416 371 372 Ba 136 94.4 82.0 96.0 93.8 89.5 165 V 284 363 507 405 411 434 231 Sc 32.6 40.9 54.7 26.0 40.1 34.8 29.7 Nb 6.19 7.85 7.43 4.99 5.42 5.59 5.44 Ta 0.38 0.49 0.47 0.30 0.35 0.33 0.39 Zr 240 318 207 170 182 186 99.9 Hf 5.60 8.77 4.87 4.01 4.48 4.30 2.95 Be 0.69 0.98 1.03 0.78 0.70 0.81 0.84 U 0.40 0.50 0.38 0.29 0.30 0.34 0.34 Th 1.86 2.46 1.50 0.90 1.28 1.12 2.70 La 25.8 32.4 21.9 15.1 18.8 16.8 14.2 Ce 57.1 71.0 51.8 36.4 42.9 38.6 36.6 Pr 7.16 9.22 6.85 4.82 5.66 5.30 5.13 Nd 28.3 35.7 28.0 19.2 22.3 20.3 22.1 Sm 6.48 8.69 6.51 4.58 5.10 4.85 5.16 Eu 2.00 2.31 2.01 1.64 1.78 1.69 1.70 Gd 6.56 8.91 6.80 4.92 5.29 5.02 4.95 Tb 1.11 1.49 1.15 0.84 0.91 0.88 0.80 Dy 6.69 9.03 6.88 5.05 5.30 5.20 4.72 Ho 1.37 1.95 1.37 1.00 1.10 1.07 0.99 Er 4.09 5.54 3.91 2.97 3.10 3.00 2.63 Tm 0.58 0.82 0.58 0.45 0.48 0.46 0.40 Yb 4.10 5.36 3.96 2.88 3.26 3.08 2.55 Lu 0.58 0.79 0.57 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.39 Y 39.4 53.0 41.2 26.9 31.4 30.2 27.4 ∑REE 151.92 193.21 142.29 100.29 116.45 106.69 102.32 LREE 126.84 159.32 117.07 81.74 96.54 87.54 84.89 HREE 25.08 33.89 25.22 18.55 19.91 19.15 17.43 (La/Yb)N 4.51 4.34 3.97 3.76 4.14 3.91 3.99 δEu 0.93 0.80 0.92 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.01 注：Mg#=(MgO/40)/(MgO/40+FeOT/72+MnO/71)%。
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