The influence of geological formation on plant community composition in Chaibai River Basin, Chengde, Hebei Province
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摘要:
为探讨承德柴白河流域植物群落组成的主要影响因素，支撑流域生态环境保护，本文采用植被样方和地质建造调查以及元素地球化学测试方法，从空间特征、养分和水分供给能力方面，分析了花岗岩、流纹岩、白云岩、砂砾岩4类地质建造对植被群落组成的影响：在相近的气候条件下，花岗岩土壤层厚大，基岩非贯通性裂缝发育，磷等养分含量高和水分保蓄性最优，利于深根乔木生长。流纹岩土壤层厚度较小，基岩贯通性裂缝发育，磷等养分含量高和水分保蓄性一般，以深根灌丛生长为主。白云岩土壤层薄，紧闭型贯通裂隙发育，钙等养分含量高和水分保蓄性差，适宜浅根性灌丛和少量喜钙浅根乔木。砂砾岩土壤层最薄，养分含量低，裂隙不发育，保蓄水性差，适合耐旱灌丛生长。
Abstract:In order to explore the dominating influences on the composition of vegetational community in the Qaidam Baihe River Basin of Chengde, Hebei Province, for supporting the ecological environment protection, the authors conducted detailed investigation of the community and field survey of the geological formation as well as test on elemental geochemistry, and then analyzed the response of vegetational community composition to the geological formation, which includes granite intrusive rock, rhyolite volcanic rock, dolomite carbonate rock and sandy conglomerate clastic rock from the perspective of spatial feature, nutrient as well as water supply under the similar climate condition. The granite formations are characterized by thick soil, non-continuous fractures, high nutrient content of phosphorus and optimal water retention capacity, which are favorable for the deep-rooted arborous species. The rhyolite formations have relatively less thickness of soil, with interpenetrating fractures in the substrate, high nutrient content of phosphorus, but relatively poor water retention capacity compared with granite formations, which are beneficial to deep-rooted shrub. The dolomite formations have the features of thin soil layer, with tightly closed through fissures, high nutrient content of calcium, but poor water retention capacity, which are favorable for the growth and development of shallow-rooted shrub and a small amount of calcium-like shallow-root trees. Compared with another formations, the dolomite formations are characterized by the thinnest soil, low nutrient content, and poor water retention capacity, without fracture developing, which are suitable for the drought-tolerant shrub.
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表 1 不同建造单元植被覆盖度分布面积比例(%)
Table 1. Vegetation coverage distribution area proportion of different formation units
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表 2 不同建造区土壤中元素含量统计
Table 2. Statistical table of element content in soil of different formation areas
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