High resolution chemical sequence stratigraphy analysis of Wufeng Formation and Lower Longmaxi Formation in the Well Xindi 1, Upper Yangtze region
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摘要:
研究目的 本文旨在综合地球化学、高分辨层序地层学理论和方法，探索厚层页岩地层划分对比的化学层序地层新方法，建立上扬子地区新地1井五峰组—龙马溪组下段高精度化学层序地层格架，为研究区页岩气勘探提供科学依据。
研究方法 本研究利用上扬子地区新地1井的岩心、测井及样品分析测试资料，优选出陆源输入强度相关元素组合、自生沉淀强度相关元素组合、有机质吸附及还原强度相关元素组合作为指标体系，进而划分四级化学层序地层。
研究结果 新地1井五峰组划分为LCW层序，龙马溪组下段自下而上细分为MCL1-1、MCL1-2、MCL1-3、MCL1-4四级层序。陆源输入强度相关元素组合总量在层序界面附近相对较高，而最大海泛面附近相对较低；自生沉淀强度及有机质吸附及还原强度相关元素组合总量在层序界面附近相对较低，而在最大海泛面附近相对较高。
结论 不同地化指标体系代表了不同的成因意义，陆源碎屑输入强度和自生沉淀强度越小、有机质吸附及还原强度越大的沉积环境有利于页岩中有机质富集，其旋回性变化对区域海平面变化有相应响应，具有区域一致性，是区域地层对比的重要依据和有力手段。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
Objective The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the theories and methods of comprehensive geochemistry and high resolution sequence stratigraphy. The high−precision chemical sequence stratigraphic framework of Wufeng Formation and Lower Longmaxi Formation in Xindi 1 Well, Upper Yangtze region was established to provide scientific basis for shale gas exploration in the study area.
Methods We use the core, logging and sample analysis data of Well Xindi 1 in Upper Yangtze region to optimize the indicators system which can divide the chemical sequence stratigraphic. The indicators system contains three elements assemblages: the terrigenous input intensity(TII), the autogenetic precipitation intensity(API), and the organic matter adsorption and deoxidation intensity(ODI). Then the fourth−order chemical sequence stratigraphy is divided by these three elements assemblages.
Results Based on the above indicators system, Wufeng Formation of Liutang section is divided into LCW sequence, the lower part of Longmaxi Formation is divided into MCL1−1, MCL1−2, MCL1−3, MCL1−4 fourth−order sequences upwardly. The total amount of elements assemblages related to TII is relatively high near the sequence boundary, but relatively low near the maximum oceanic flooding surface. However, the total amount of element assemblages related to API and ODI are generally lower near the sequence boundary and higher near the maximum flooding surface.
Conclusions Representing different genetic significance, the cyclic variation of element assemblages is respond to regional sea level change, and has regional consistency. The sedimentary environment with smaller TII, smaller API and larger ODI is conducive to organic matter enrichment in shale. So it can be used as the basis for regional stratigraphic correlation.
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表 1 元素与矿物的亲缘关系（据Craigie，2018；Zhai et al.，2019修改）
Table 1. Genetic relationship between elements and minerals (modified from Craigie, 2018; Zhao et al., 2019)
元素 相关矿物 主要成因意义 Si 石英，其他硅酸盐 陆源或自生 Al、Ga 主要是黏土矿物，少量与长石有关 陆源 K、Rb 钾长石、云母和黏土矿物（特别是伊利石） 陆源 Cs、Sc 黏土矿物和长石 陆源 V 主要是黏土矿物。V在缺氧条件下吸附在黏土矿物上 还原 Ca 主要是方解石和白云石，也与石膏和硬石膏有关，少量与蒙脱石和斜长石有关 自生为主 Mg 主要是白云石、方解石和/或黏土矿物（尤其是绿泥石） 自生为主 Fe、Mn 各种黏土和碳酸盐矿物以及黄铁矿 陆源或自生 Na 主要是斜长石，但有些钠与石盐和/或黏土矿物（如蒙脱石）有关 陆源或自生 Ti、Ta、Nb 钛磁铁矿、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、金红石、锐钛矿和/或闪锌矿 陆源 Th 重矿物，特别是独居石、锆石和磷灰石 陆源 REE 轻稀土元素在黏土矿物和长石中最为丰富，而重稀土元素则存在于重矿物中 陆源 U 重矿物和有机物，还原环境 陆源或还原 Cr 重矿物，如铬尖晶石 陆源 Zr、Hf 锆石 陆源 P 生物磷、含磷重矿物（磷灰石和独居石），少量磷与碳酸盐和黏土矿物有关 自生 Zn、Ni、Mo、Co、Cu 黄铁矿、氢氧化铁、碳酸盐和/或黏土矿物 自生或陆源 Ba 碳酸盐，如重晶石 自生 Sr 长石、黏土矿物、碳酸盐 陆源或自生 
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表 2 新地1井五峰组—龙马溪组下段元素相关系数（R2）数据表
Table 2. Element correlation coefficient data of Wufeng−Lower Longmaxi Formation in the Well Xindi 1
Al Fe K Mg Ti Zr Ca Na Mn V Cr Ni Zn Cu Si Ba P As Pb Sr S Cl Al 1.00 Fe 0.92 1.00 K 0.96 0.84 1.00 Mg 0.27 0.18 0.39 1.00 Ti 0.90 0.81 0.89 0.17 1.00 Zr 0.48 0.41 0.49 0.19 0.49 1.00 Ca −0.47 −0.52 −0.29 0.49 −0.49 −0.12 1.00 Na 0.22 0.21 0.14 0.03 0.27 0.18 −0.21 1.00 Mn 0.08 0.10 0.17 0.56 −0.05 −0.01 0.43 −0.24 1.00 V 0.67 0.58 0.74 0.11 0.89 0.30 −0.35 0.21 −0.13 1.00 Cr 0.22 0.09 0.36 0.55 0.28 0.06 0.44 0.05 0.21 0.44 1.00 Ni −0.02 0.01 −0.07 −0.24 0.02 −0.11 −0.27 0.20 −0.23 0.19 0.04 1.00 Zn 0.12 0.12 0.09 −0.13 0.08 0.09 −0.22 −0.03 −0.13 0.21 0.08 0.55 1.00 Cu −0.33 −0.28 −0.29 0.12 −0.35 −0.13 0.45 −0.02 −0.03 −0.36 0.06 −0.37 −0.38 1.00 Si −0.46 −0.40 −0.62 −0.71 −0.40 −0.30 −0.50 −0.04 −0.47 −0.35 −0.52 0.24 0.11 −0.14 1.00 Ba 0.61 0.49 0.68 0.14 0.86 0.21 −0.31 0.23 −0.15 0.93 0.40 0.02 −0.01 −0.32 −0.33 1.00 P −0.69 −0.57 −0.71 −0.61 −0.57 −0.43 0.01 −0.26 −0.22 −0.34 −0.32 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.63 −0.40 1.00 As 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.22 0.00 −0.22 0.23 −0.01 0.35 0.04 0.15 −0.12 0.10 0.18 −0.34 −0.03 −0.10 1.00 Pb 0.23 0.31 0.11 −0.36 0.21 0.16 −0.45 0.34 −0.07 0.05 −0.33 0.31 0.08 −0.23 0.18 0.01 −0.04 −0.09 1.00 Sr −0.44 −0.52 −0.28 0.26 −0.45 −0.11 0.86 −0.20 0.28 −0.30 0.40 −0.29 −0.26 0.40 −0.36 −0.27 0.12 0.15 −0.40 1.00 S −0.04 −0.17 0.00 0.13 −0.16 −0.09 0.15 −0.46 0.43 −0.13 −0.07 −0.26 0.05 −0.11 −0.05 −0.13 0.00 0.27 −0.32 0.19 1.00 Cl −0.20 −0.13 −0.24 −0.17 −0.16 −0.17 −0.01 0.55 −0.19 −0.16 −0.26 0.09 −0.07 0.13 0.06 −0.11 0.03 0.14 0.45 −0.02 −0.16 1.00
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表 3 新地1井五峰组—龙马溪组下段主量元素主成分矩阵
Table 3. Principal component matrix of major elements of Wufeng−Lower Longmaxi Formation in the Well Xindi 1
主量元素 主成分1 主成分2 主成分3 主成分4 主成分5 Fe2O3 0.915 −0.192 −0.123 0.122 −0.076 Al2O3 0.972 −0.142 −0.082 −0.001 0.016 K2O 0.974 0.038 −0.085 −0.112 −0.005 Na2O 0.260 −0.275 0.887 0.250 −0.082 MgO 0.400 0.774 0.187 0.045 0.448 TiO2 0.915 −0.233 −0.003 −0.116 0.003 CaO −0.344 0.868 0.189 −0.234 −0.146 SiO2 −0.601 −0.699 −0.137 0.259 0.211 MnO 0.173 0.748 −0.259 0.560 −0.142
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表 4 新地1井五峰组—龙马溪组下段微量元素主成分矩阵
Table 4. Principal component matrix of trace elements of Wufeng−Lower Longmaxi Formation in the Well Xindi 1
微量元素 主成分1 主成分2 主成分3 主成分4 主成分5 V 0.864 0.314 0.010 0.171 −0.005 Cr 0.288 0.686 0.201 0.331 −0.370 Ni 0.416 −0.533 0.427 0.230 −0.317 Zn 0.396 −0.299 0.649 0.075 0.052 Cu −0.611 0.269 −0.341 0.259 −0.220 Ba 0.785 0.379 −0.144 0.147 0.013 P −0.440 −0.421 0.402 −0.055 −0.307 As −0.157 0.241 0.227 0.625 0.520 Pb 0.295 −0.664 −0.403 0.197 0.127 Sr −0.548 0.508 0.095 0.174 −0.260 S −0.254 0.271 0.424 −0.212 0.668 Cl −0.144 −0.446 −0.380 0.599 0.175 Zr 0.436 0.161 −0.369 −0.420 0.089
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表 5 新地1井五峰组—龙马溪组下段化学层序地层特征数据
Table 5. Chemical sequence stratigraphic characteristics of Wufeng−Lower Longmaxi Formation in the Well Xindi 1
层序 陆源输入指标元素 自生沉淀指标元素 有机质吸附及还原强度指标元素 (Al+K+Fe+Ti)
/%EF-Al (Ca+Mg+Mn)/Al Sr/Al
/10−4(V+Ni+Ba+Zn)
/10−6EF(V+Ni+Ba+Zn) SBL2 26.99 0.98 0.87 16.45 1640.00 7.12 mfsL1-4 20.08 0.61 2.05 48.19 3432.00 10.76 SBL1-4 28.36 0.96 0.31 15.38 1938.00 8.03 MCL1-4(均值) 24.64 0.82 1.09 27.30 2698.18 9.35 mfsL1-3 20.93 0.66 1.39 27.06 2310.00 9.10 SBL1-3 26.77 0.93 0.26 11.00 2053.00 7.44 MCL1-3(均值) 26.13 0.88 0.52 17.61 2399.56 8.28 mfsL1-2 21.83 0.73 1.06 25.08 2149.00 7.98 SBL1-2 22.31 0.86 0.45 18.31 1892.00 7.74 MCL1-2(均值) 24.61 0.83 0.66 19.088 2022.47 7.59 mfsL1-1 6.31 0.15 4.09 145.6 1142.00 22.48 SBL1 20.14 0.65 0.98 45.43 1048.00 5.34 MCL1-1(均值) 13.48 0.44 2.28 63.79 1333.42 11.62 mfsW 9.42 0.30 1.22 49.17 1833.00 10.07 SBW 25.76 0.88 0.86 20.01 1339.00 5.28 LCW(均值) 20.14 0.67 1.16 30.32 1266.40 6.65
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