U–Pb isotopic age of Longwangdong ophiolitic mélange in the Tianshui Area, West Qinling Orogenic Belt and its time limit of subduction–collision
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摘要:
研究目的 西秦岭天水地区龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩是一套典型的蛇绿岩体，是秦岭商丹缝合带西延的重要证据，对其进行岩石学、年代学和地球化学的研究有助于更好地理解该地区的构造演化过程。
研究方法 本文通过岩石学、全岩地球化学对该套蛇绿岩进行分析，确定其主要由变辉长岩、变玄武岩、辉石岩等组成。
研究结果 通过LA–ICP–MS锆石微区原位U–Pb同位素测年，获得变辉长岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（474.6±6.7）Ma，指示该蛇绿混杂岩形成于早奥陶世。岩石地球化学分析表明，变玄武岩属于高钛、富镁、富铁、拉斑系列；稀土元素分布模式呈现稀土总量偏低、Eu负异常不明显的平坦型曲线；微量元素分布模式为Cs、Th和Nb相对亏损的平坦型曲线，Zr/Nb比值低，总体表现出与E–MORB相似的特征。
结论 变玄武岩地球化学特征指示龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩可能形成于岛弧区拉张环境，结合区域资料进一步认为其形成于俯冲带上弧后盆地环境，进一步暗示了西秦岭天水地区在早奥陶世处于商丹洋的大洋俯冲构造背景。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
Objective The newly discovered Longwangdong ophiolitic mélange as a typical ophiolite suit in the Tianshui area of West Qinling Orogenic Belt witnessed the westward extension of Shangdan suture zone in Qinling Orogenic Belt. Studying its petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry will help improve our understanding of the tectonic evolution of this region.
Methods This study demonstrates through petrological and whole−rock geochemical analyses that this ophiolite suite is mainly composed of amphibolite, metamorphosed basalt, and pyroxenite.
Results LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating shows the meta−gabbro was formed at (474.6±6.7) Ma, constraining the formation time of the mélange. The whole−rock geochemical analysis reveals that the meta−basalts are subalkalic tholeiite in composition and rich in Ti, Mg and Fe. The total REE of the meta−basalts are low and characterized by flat type distribution pattern without obvious Eu anomalies. Their trace element distribution yields flat patterns with negative anomalies of Cs, Th, Nb, and lowed Zr/Nb ratios, consistent with that of the E−MORB.
Conclusions The geochemical features of the meta−basalts suggest the Longwangdong ophiolitic mélange was potentially generated in the extended volcanic arc environment, which was considered to be the back−arc basin based on the regional geological data. It further implies that Shangdan Ocean experienced a period of subduction process in the Early Ordovician in the West Qinling region.
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图 3 西秦岭天水地区龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩中变辉长岩锆石CL图像（圆圈为同位素测年激光剥蚀的示意范围，相应编号为测点号，数字为206Pb/238U表面年龄）
Figure 3.
图 5 西秦岭天水地区龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩中变玄武岩Nb/Y–Zr/TiO2（a, 据Winchester and Floyd, 1977）和SiO2–TFeO/MgO（b, 据Miyashiro, 1975）图解
Figure 5.
图 6 西秦岭天水地区龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩中变玄武岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布模式（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化分布模式（b）（标准化值据Sun and McDonoungh, 1989）
Figure 6.
图 7 西秦岭天水地区龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩中变玄武岩Zr/Y–Zr、Ti–Zr–Y和Ti–Zr（据Pearce and Cann, 1973）图解
Figure 7.
表 1 西秦岭天水地区龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩带中变辉长岩（18LW-14）LA–ICP–MS单颗粒锆石U–Pb同位素测年结果
Table 1. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb isotopic analyses of meta–gabbro in the Longwangdong ophiolitic mélange in Tianshui area, West Qinling Orogenic Belt
样号 同位素比值 同位素年龄/Ma 含量/10−6 Th/U 谐和度/% 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ Th U Pb∗ 18LW-14-3 0.0582 0.0021 0.6151 0.0223 0.0767 0.0012 536 51 487 14 476 7 10.84 93.81 70.79 0.12 102 18LW-14-7 0.0569 0.0016 0.6048 0.0179 0.0771 0.0012 488 39 480 11 479 7 287.57 459.2 41.23 0.63 100 18LW-14-16 0.0583 0.0037 0.6145 0.0387 0.0764 0.0016 541 102 486 24 475 9 73.88 172.68 14.51 0.43 102 18LW-14-25 0.0583 0.0039 0.6112 0.0403 0.0760 0.0016 541 108 484 25 472 9 114.52 169.65 15.03 0.68 103 18LW-14-30 0.059 0.0016 0.6191 0.0173 0.0757 0.0011 579 35 489 11 470 7 608.23 680.6 64.03 0.89 104 注：Pb∗=0.241×206Pb+0.221×207Pb+0.524×208Pb；谐和度=(207Pb/235U)/(206Pb/238U)×100。 
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表 2 西秦岭天水地区龙王洞蛇绿混杂岩带中变玄武岩主量（%）、微量和稀土元素含量（10−6）
Table 2. Major (%), REE and trace element (10−6) composition of meta−basalts in the Longwangdong ophiolitic mélange in Tianshui area, West Qinling Orogenic Belt
样号 18-LW-2 18-LW-3 18-LW-4 18-LW-5 18-LW-6 18-LW-7 18-LW-9 18-LW-10 18-LW-11 18-LW-12 岩性 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 变玄武岩 SiO2 47.03 44.58 49.27 49.08 48.86 47.13 47.40 48.24 49.18 47.04 TiO2 0.76 1.09 0.85 0.89 0.90 0.86 0.86 0.71 0.60 1.09 Al2O3 12.77 14.82 16.31 16.50 17.63 15.35 14.58 16.59 17.84 18.25 Fe2O3 4.58 6.39 4.61 6.59 3.64 4.67 2.83 2.92 3.06 3.22 FeO 7.55 6.78 5.45 5.15 5.58 6.00 8.10 6.70 6.19 7.10 MnO 0.24 0.45 0.28 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.22 0.17 MgO 9.12 5.58 5.49 4.66 5.97 6.06 9.18 6.84 6.90 8.15 CaO 12.54 9.87 8.74 9.92 7.26 10.10 8.83 9.05 7.87 7.78 Na2O 0.72 3.02 4.39 3.96 4.64 3.48 1.66 3.25 3.70 3.48 K2O 0.37 0.62 0.68 0.64 1.10 0.74 2.48 1.51 0.84 0.36 P2O5 0.06 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.19 0.22 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.16 LOI 4.04 6.39 3.61 2.12 3.88 5.07 3.51 3.69 3.34 3.02 TFeO 11.67 12.53 9.60 11.08 8.86 10.20 10.65 9.33 8.94 10.00 Total 99.78 99.78 99.82 99.82 99.86 99.88 99.74 99.79 99.85 99.82 La 3.15 5.30 6.02 8.10 6.25 20.0 5.55 5.62 5.29 7.51 Ce 9.25 13.1 13.8 17.0 14.8 56.2 13.2 12.6 11.4 18.5 Pr 1.64 2.52 2.66 2.84 2.65 6.79 2.28 2.21 2.00 3.06 Nd 8.49 12.5 12.4 12.7 13.4 25.1 11.4 10.1 8.71 14.2 Sm 2.22 3.54 3.35 2.96 3.52 5.42 3.09 2.60 2.22 3.28 Eu 0.741 1.20 1.12 0.988 1.08 1.41 1.05 0.901 0.712 1.04 Gd 2.34 3.71 3.53 2.82 3.72 4.91 3.29 2.72 2.22 3.33 Tb 0.431 0.642 0.635 0.464 0.659 0.768 0.579 0.471 0.400 0.572 Dy 2.81 4.38 4.20 2.89 4.44 4.48 3.75 3.06 2.71 3.51 Ho 0.605 0.953 0.929 0.593 0.977 0.912 0.797 0.675 0.598 0.731 Er 1.71 2.64 2.62 1.62 2.81 2.68 2.28 1.91 1.75 2.00 Tm 0.265 0.405 0.421 0.241 0.451 0.398 0.356 0.294 0.278 0.312 Yb 1.71 2.68 2.76 1.52 2.93 2.58 2.34 1.93 1.84 1.99 Lu 0.262 0.412 0.420 0.231 0.461 0.381 0.357 0.288 0.278 0.300 LREE 25.49 38.16 39.35 44.59 41.70 114.92 36.57 34.03 30.33 47.59 HREE 10.13 15.82 15.52 10.38 16.45 17.11 13.75 11.35 10.07 12.75 ΣREE 35.62 53.98 54.87 54.97 58.15 132.03 50.32 45.38 40.41 60.34 (La/Sm)N 0.89 0.94 1.13 1.72 1.12 2.32 1.13 1.36 1.50 1.44 (La/Yb)N 1.24 1.33 1.47 3.59 1.44 5.23 1.60 1.96 1.94 2.54 δEu 0.99 1.01 0.99 1.03 0.91 0.82 1.00 1.03 0.97 0.95 Ba 108 150 219 316 221 215 445 1210 254 182 Rb 9.39 10.0 9.35 7.42 12.5 15.7 32.1 21.4 9.22 4.54 Sr 569 362 488 752 449 640 186 376 357 646 Co 63.2 45.7 40.7 35.0 27.9 41.9 47.2 41.0 29.7 34.7 V 478 396 421 476 310 393 398 360 314 449 Cr 586 59.0 255 25.0 128 52.3 170 142 137 30.5 Ni 156 27.0 62.2 11.5 35.6 30.6 48.0 45.6 55.2 17.0 Nb 1.77 3.40 2.78 2.37 3.46 2.75 2.46 2.12 1.55 2.93 Ta 0.151 0.236 0.200 0.154 0.232 0.180 0.173 0.149 0.109 0.188 Zr 23.8 55.2 51.5 30.1 68.3 57.8 50.9 41.8 29.4 47.9 Hf 0.880 1.72 1.76 1.07 2.02 1.82 1.70 1.37 1.02 1.62 Y 15.6 24.4 22.9 14.8 24.4 23.8 20.8 16.7 14.9 18.3 Cs 0.220 0.565 0.430 0.210 0.460 1.16 0.690 0.590 0.475 0.260 Th 1.27 1.16 1.56 3.49 1.83 14.3 2.36 2.51 2.03 3.06 U 0.338 1.66 0.463 0.749 0.831 2.09 0.448 0.531 0.433 0.500 Pb 8.89 29.4 4.73 9.71 5.21 10.7 7.31 29.5 3.20 22.6 Li 15.3 22.7 16.3 11.0 23.5 21.9 26.0 13.3 13.0 21.5 Be 0.257 0.502 0.688 0.665 0.482 0.542 0.472 0.812 0.302 0.660 Sc 48.4 37.6 36.5 36.1 29.7 32.8 41.1 34.4 28.1 40.0 Ga 14.7 14.6 16.4 18.4 14.1 17.5 15.3 15.8 13.2 16.8 Ti 4580 6560 5080 5320 5400 5140 5180 4240 3630 6520
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