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铍矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状

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张森, 鞠楠, 伍月, 郭常来, 马维, 周永恒, 张艳飞. 2023. 铍矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状[J]. 中国地质, 50(2): 410-424. doi: 10.12029/gc20210723002
引用本文: 张森, 鞠楠, 伍月, 郭常来, 马维, 周永恒, 张艳飞. 2023. 铍矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状[J]. 中国地质, 50(2): 410-424. doi: 10.12029/gc20210723002
shu
ZHANG Sen, JU Nan, WU Yue, GUO Changlai, MA Wei, ZHOU Yongheng, ZHANG Yanfei. 2023. Distribution characteristics, main types and exploration and development status of beryllium deposit[J]. Geology in China, 50(2): 410-424. doi: 10.12029/gc20210723002
Citation: ZHANG Sen, JU Nan, WU Yue, GUO Changlai, MA Wei, ZHOU Yongheng, ZHANG Yanfei. 2023. Distribution characteristics, main types and exploration and development status of beryllium deposit[J]. Geology in China, 50(2): 410-424. doi: 10.12029/gc20210723002
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铍矿分布特点、主要类型与勘查开发现状

  • 1.

    中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110034

  • 2.

    辽宁省地质勘查院有限责任公司, 辽宁 大连 116200

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金项目（42102087），中国博士后科学基金项目（2022M712966）和青藏高原大宗矿产数据库建设（2021QZKK0304）联合资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 张森, 男, 1983年生, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要从事成矿规律、成矿预测及铀矿调查; E-mail: zhangsen556@163.com
    通讯作者: 鞠楠, 男, 1986年生, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要从事固体矿产调查与研究; E-mail: junan-cgs@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P617;P618.72

Distribution characteristics, main types and exploration and development status of beryllium deposit

  • 1.

    Shenyang Center, China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China

  • 2.

    Liaoning Provincial Institute of Geological Exploration Co., Ltd., Dalian 116200, Liaoning, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42102087), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M712966) and Construction of Bulk Mineral Database on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (No.2021QZKK0304)
More Information
    Author Bio: ZHANG Sen, male, born in 1983, master, senior engineer, mainly engaged in metallogenic law, metallogenic prediction and uranium deposit investigation; E-mail: zhangsen556@163.com .
    Corresponding author: JU Nan, male, born in 1986, doctor, senior engineer, engaged in solid mineral survey and research; E-mail: junan-cgs@qq.com

    摘要
  • 研究目的

    铍作为最轻的碱土金属，由于其特殊的密度、刚度与熔点等物理化学特性，使其成为具有优异功能和结构的材料，对其开展成因机制和勘探开发研究，具有重要的科学价值和经济价值。

     研究方法

    本文系统梳理和总结国内外典型铍矿床的特征、成因及勘探工艺，采用相似类比等方法，从时间和空间尺度总结成矿规律，提出铍矿的勘查、开发和利用建议。

     研究结果

    铍矿床可分为内生型和外生型。外生型铍矿床可分为与风化作用或变质作用有关的矿床类型；内生型矿床根据岩浆系统的碱铝属性，可分为过铝性、偏铝性、过碱性成矿系统，根据流体演化阶段，可分为岩浆型、伟晶岩型、岩浆热液型。

     结论

    从成矿时代来看，无论过铝性、偏铝性还是过碱性系统的铍成矿作用均集中于中生代，燕山期更是铍矿的主要成矿期；从成矿构造背景角度，岩浆型铍矿常产于后碰撞环境，岩浆热液型铍矿则产于大陆边缘，而伟晶岩型铍矿基本产于造山带。铍是新兴材料之一，在未来节能减排、碳中和计划中将发挥重要作用，应加强铍矿综合利用和回收技术的研发。

    This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.

     Objective

    As the lightest alkaline earth metal, beryllium has become an excellent functional and structural material. Due to its special physical and chemical characteristics such as density, stiffness and melting point, it has great scientific and economic value for researching the genetic mechanism, exploration and development.

     Methods

    In this paper, the characteristics, genesis and exploration technology of typical beryllium deposits in the domestic and overseas are systematically sorted out and summarized. The metallogenic rules are summarized from time and space scales by means of similarity and analogy, and the exploration, development and utilization suggestions are also put forward.

     Results

    Beryllium deposits can be divided into endogenous and exogenous types. Exogenous beryllium deposits can be subdivided into different deposit types related to weathering or metamorphism. According to the alkali-aluminum properties of magma system, endogenous beryllium deposits can be subdivided into peraluminous, metaluminous and peralkaline metallogenic systems. According to the fluid evolution stage, it can be subdivided into magma type, pegmatite type and magma hydrothermal type.

     Conclusions

    From the perspective of metallogenic age, the beryllium mineralization in either peraluminous, metaluminous or peralkaline systems is concentrated in the Mesozoic. Yanshanian is the main metallogenic period of beryllium deposits. From the perspective of metallogenic structure background, the magma type is often produced in post-collision environments, the magmatic hydrothermal type is produced on the continental margin, and the pegmatite type is basically produced in the orogenic belt. Beryllium is one of the new materials, which will play an important role in energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon neutralization in the future. Research on comprehensive utilization and recovery technology of beryllium deposits should be strengthened.
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  • 图 1  全球主要铍矿床分布图（据Foley et al., 2012; Kesler et al., 2012; Bradley and McCauley, 2013）

    Figure 1. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  铍矿成矿模式及矿化类型图（据Barton and Young, 2002；李健康等，2017修改）

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  典型火山岩型铍矿床地质及成因类型图（据Lindsey, 1981, 1998; Foley et al., 2012）

    Figure 3. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省及美国阿拉斯加稀有金属矿床地质图（据Soloviev, 2011）

    Figure 4. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  主要铍矿床特征

    Table 1.  The characteristicof main beryllium deposits

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  与岩浆作用有关的铍矿床特征（据Barton and Young, 2002）

    Table 2.  The characteristics of beryllium deposits related to magmatism in the world (after Barton and Young, 2002)

    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2021-07-23
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