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新疆西天山萨瓦亚尔顿金成矿过程：来自硫化物矿物世代及其EMPA、LA-ICP-MS和FESEM分析的约束

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张国震, 薛春纪, 刘家瑛, 赵晓波, 冯昌荣, 孟宝东. 2022. 新疆西天山萨瓦亚尔顿金成矿过程：来自硫化物矿物世代及其EMPA、LA-ICP-MS和FESEM分析的约束[J]. 中国地质, 49(1): 16-35. doi: 10.12029/gc20220102
引用本文: 张国震, 薛春纪, 刘家瑛, 赵晓波, 冯昌荣, 孟宝东. 2022. 新疆西天山萨瓦亚尔顿金成矿过程：来自硫化物矿物世代及其EMPA、LA-ICP-MS和FESEM分析的约束[J]. 中国地质, 49(1): 16-35. doi: 10.12029/gc20220102
shu
ZHANG Guozhen, XUE Chunji, LIU Jiaying, ZHAO Xiaobo, FENG Changrong, MENG Baodong. 2022. The ore-forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold deposit, western Tianshan, Xinjiang: Contraints from the generation relationship and EMPA, LA-ICP-MS and FESEM analysis of the Pyrite and Arsenopyrite[J]. Geology in China, 49(1): 16-35. doi: 10.12029/gc20220102
Citation: ZHANG Guozhen, XUE Chunji, LIU Jiaying, ZHAO Xiaobo, FENG Changrong, MENG Baodong. 2022. The ore-forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold deposit, western Tianshan, Xinjiang: Contraints from the generation relationship and EMPA, LA-ICP-MS and FESEM analysis of the Pyrite and Arsenopyrite[J]. Geology in China, 49(1): 16-35. doi: 10.12029/gc20220102
shu

新疆西天山萨瓦亚尔顿金成矿过程：来自硫化物矿物世代及其EMPA、LA-ICP-MS和FESEM分析的约束

  • 1.

    中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心, 天津 300170

  • 2.

    华北地质科技创新中心, 天津 300170

  • 3.

    地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

  • 4.

    新疆地质矿产局第二地质大队, 新疆 喀什 844000

  • 基金项目:
    中国地质调查局项目（DD20211339、DD20190038）、国家自然科学基金（U1303292）联合资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 张国震, 男, 1989年生, 高级工程师, 从事矿床学研究; E-mail: zhanggz1989@163.com
    通讯作者: 薛春纪, 男, 1962年生, 教授, 博士生导师, 从事矿床学专业教学和研究; E-mail: chunji.xue@cugb.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P618.51

The ore-forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold deposit, western Tianshan, Xinjiang: Contraints from the generation relationship and EMPA, LA-ICP-MS and FESEM analysis of the Pyrite and Arsenopyrite

  • 1.

    Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey (CGS), Tianjin 300170, China

  • 2.

    North China Center for Geoscience Innovation, Tianjin 300170, China

  • 3.

    State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

  • 4.

    Geological Team No. 2, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Kashi 844000, Xinjiang, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by the project of China Geological Survey (No. DD20211339, No.DD20190038) and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1303292)
More Information
    Author Bio: ZHANG Guozhen, male, born in 1989, senior engineer, engaged in mineral deposit research; E-mail: zhanggz1989@163.com .
    Corresponding author: XUE Chunji, male, born in 1962, professor supervisor of doctor candidate, engaged in mineral deposit teaching and research; E-mail: chunji.xue@cugb.edu.cn

    摘要
  • 研究目的

    为确定硫化物中金的赋存状态及元素含量特征。

     研究方法

    本文选取西天山萨瓦亚尔顿造山型金矿床（探明金储量127 t，远景资源量350 t），针对矿石矿物黄铁矿、毒砂开展系统显微岩/矿相学观测、电子探针、LA-ICP-MS和扫描电镜分析。

     研究结果

    结果表明萨瓦亚尔顿矿石中除可见金外，还有"不可见金"主要以固溶体（Au+）形式赋存于黄铁矿、毒砂中。矿石中载金黄铁矿发育3期：球丛状黄铁矿（Py0）呈浸染状分布于围岩中，局部富含金，同时富集Ag、As、Bi、Ni、Cu、Pb、Sb等微量元素；他形黄铁矿（Py1），分布于硅化围岩及强烈变形石英脉中，与他形毒砂（Apy1）伴生，电子探针得到的平均金含量为0.050%，富集Co、Mn、Zn等微量元素；自形-半自形黄铁矿（Py2），在矿体中分布最为广泛，与未变形石英脉密切共生，伴生自形毒砂（Apy2），电子探针分析得到的平均金含量为0.052%，微量元素相对Py1、Py2较为亏损。

     结论

    推测Py0形成于沉积成岩期；Py1形成于同碰撞期，与塔里木板块与中天山地块在晚石炭世碰撞事件有关；Py2形成于晚/后碰撞阶段。赋矿地层可能是金的初始矿源层，同时提供了部分微量元素，地层变质脱水作用形成的变质流体是主要的成矿流体。研究表明萨瓦亚尔顿金矿发育多期成矿作用，相似成矿过程在西天山同类型矿床中可能也有发生。

    This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.

     Objective

    To determine the occurrence of Au and elements feature of the sulfide.

     Methods

    The Sawayaerdun orogenic gold deposit (explored Au: 127 t, prospective Au: 350 t) in the western Tianshan is chosen and the microscopic petrography study, EMPA, LA-ICP-MS and FESEM analysis have been applied.

     Results

    Except for "visible gold", the result indicate that "invisible gold" is likely present as solid soluation (Au+) in the pyrite and arsenopyrite in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Three generations of auriferous pyrite have been recognized. The pyrite with framboidal texture (Py0) are disseminated in the host rock, and are locally enriched in gold. They have relatively high values of Ag、As、Bi、Ni、Cu、Pb、Sb. The anhedral pyrite (Py1), associated with silicified rocks and quartz veins that experienced strong deformation, have an average Au content of 0.050%. They have high contents of Co、Mn、Zn. The euhedral-subhedral pyrite (Py2) are best developed in the main orebodies, and have an average Au content of 0.052%. Comparing to Py1, Py2, they have lower contents of trace elements.

     Conclusions

    The Py0 are interpreted to have formed contemporaneously with the ore-bearing rocks. Py1 are interpreted to have formed in the syn-tectonic stage, during the collision between the Tarim craton and the Central Tianshan terrane in the Late Carboniferous, whereas Py2 were formed in a later mineralization event, during the late- to post-tectonic stage in the Early Permian. Ore-bearing strata could be the initial source bed of gold, meantime provides the trace elements when forming gold-bearing sulfides. The ore-forming fluids were probably metamorphic fluids deriving from dehydration of the sedimentary strata. The study results suggest that multi-stage of gold mineralization have developed in the Sawayaerdun deposit, similar metallogenic process may exist in other homogeneous deposits in the Western Tianshan Orogen.
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  • 图 1  萨瓦亚尔顿地区区域地质简图（据陈华勇等，2013修编）

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床地质简图（a）萨瓦亚尔顿金矿区IV号矿带23勘探线剖面图（b）（据新疆地质矿产局第二地质大队，2014修改）

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  萨瓦亚尔顿矿石、围岩手标本照片

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  显微照片显示产于矿石及围岩中各种硫化物特征

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床矿物生成顺序

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  黄铁矿中S-As、Fe-As关系图解

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  粗粒自形—半自形黄铁矿核部至边部Au含量分布图

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  黄铁矿、毒砂EMPA元素分布图

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  黄铁矿Co-Ni（a）、Pb-Sb（b）关系图解

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  黄铁矿颗粒背散射图像（a）及EDS分析金分布状况（b）

    Figure 10. 

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    图 11  黄铁矿中As-Au关系图解

    Figure 11. 

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    图 12  萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床不同世代黄铁矿中微量元素的LA-ICP-MS剥蚀信号图谱

    Figure 12. 

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    图 13  黄铁矿结晶生长与流体演化模型

    Figure 13. 

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    表 1  萨瓦亚尔顿金矿黄铁矿、毒砂电子探针成分分析结果（%）

    Table 1.  EMPA analytical results of pyrite and arsenopyrite in Sawayaerdun gold deposit(%)

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  萨瓦亚尔顿金矿黄铁矿、毒砂LA-ICP-MS分析结果（10-6）

    Table 2.  LA-ICP-MS analytical results of pyrite and arsenopyrite in Sawayaerdun gold deposit(10-6)

    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床黄铁矿、毒砂主要特征

    Table 3.  The main characteristics of pyrite and arsenopyrite in the Sawayaerdun gold deposit

    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2020-06-18
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