Control and influence of rising groundwater level on land under the background of South-to-North Water Diversion: A case study of Chaobai River groundwater system in Beijing
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摘要:
研究目的 从20世纪80年代开始，北京市地下水过量开采，引起了严重的地面沉降。2014年南水进京后，北京市开展了大规模的自备井置换、地下水禁限采、生态补水，区域地下水位显著回升，地面沉降发展缓减，甚至在部分地区“回弹”。地下水位回升条件下与地面沉降响应是一个复杂的过程。开展相关研究对北京市的地面沉降防控意义重大，也可为全国地面沉降防控提供借鉴。
研究方法 本文以潮白河流域平原区为例，综合利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术、分层标和地下水分层监测技术，对区域地面沉降与地下水进行立体监测，探明了“地面沉降”对地下水位上升过程的响应特征。
研究结果 （1）潮白河地下水回补后第一、第二承压含水层单井最大水位回升分别为25.49 m和25.67 m；（2）2015—2020年区域最大回弹速率、回弹范围与地下水上升区等水位线基本吻合；（3）潮白河冲积扇中上游地区不同岩性土层在地下水回升模式下，土体压缩持续减缓或回弹，下游地区未受到地下水补给，水位持续下降，土体形变持续压缩。
结论 潮白河生态补水使地下水位上升，有效控制了地面沉降快速发展趋势。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
Objective Overexploitation of groundwater in Beijing has caused serious land subsidence since the 1980s. After the south water entered Beijing in 2014, closure of self-contained water-source well and water-source replacement, groundwater mining restriction, and ecological water supplement carried out on a large scale in Beijing led to a significant rise in groundwater table.Ground subsidence slowed down, and even rebounded in some areas. Response of ground subsidence to groundwater table rise is a complicated process. The relevant research is of great significance to the prevention and control of land subsidence in Beijing, further providing reference for the prevention and control of land subsidence in China.
Methods The plain area of Chaobai River Basin was selected in this study, and the spatial monitoring of regional land subsidence and groundwater was carried out by using synthetic aperture radar interferometry, land subsidence layered mark monitoring technology and groundwater layered monitoring technology to verify the response characteristics of land subsidence to the rising groundwater table.
Results (1) With the recharge of Chaobai River groundwater, the maximum water table of the first and second confined aquifers returned 25.49 m and 25.67 m, respectively. (2) The maximum rebound rate and rebound range of the region from 2015 to 2020 were basically consistent with the water table contour in the groundwater rising area. (3) In the middle and upper reaches of alluvial fan of Chaobai River, the soil compression of different lithologic soil layers continued slowing down or rebounding under the groundwater table restoration mode. But the groundwater table continued declining in the downstream area where groundwater was not recharged, and the soil deformation continued compressing.
Conclusions The ecological water supplement of Chaobai River led to the increase in groundwater table, which effectively controlled the rapid trend of land subsidence development.
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图 3 2015—2020年地下水回补量(据赵泓漪等, 2014—2020)
Figure 3.
表 1 平各庄站、天竺站、张家湾站126 m以浅层地下水、分层标分层情况
Table 1. Summary of groundwater table and extensor meters within 126 m in Pinggezhuang, Tianzhu, and Zhangjiawan stations
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