Identification of nitrate sources of groundwaters in the Zhaotong basin using hydrochemistry, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes and its impact on the environment
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摘要:
研究目的 由于人类活动的影响，地下水硝酸盐（NO3-）污染越来越严重。
研究方法 利用水化学和硝酸盐氮氧同位素（δ15NNO3与δ18ONO3）研究云南昭通盆地地下水NO3-来源与转化过程，用SIAR模型定量计算泉水和民井中不同NO3-来源的比例。
研究结果 结果表明：（1）研究区钻孔水水质良好，但19%的泉水NO3-超过生活饮用水标准限值，13%的民井因NO3-超标而不适宜灌溉；（2）泉水和民井中δ15NNO3值分别介于2.4‰~18‰和－4.5‰~39.7‰，平均值为7.9‰和17.3‰，δ18ONO3值介于－8.8‰~39.3‰和－16.4‰~26.7‰，平均值为2.5‰和0‰，同位素组成和水化学指示硝化作用主导着研究区氮循环；（3）粪肥污水、土壤氮和铵态氮肥料是地下水中NO3-主要来源，其对泉水的NO3-平均贡献率分别为48%、28%和24%，对民井的NO3-平均贡献率分别为87%、6%和7%。
结论 居住区和耕地区地下水中NO3-的粪肥污水源分别高达89%和72%，林地地下水仅为27%，表明受人类活动影响越强烈的地区地下水NO3-污染越严重。
Abstract:This paper is the result of the water resources and environmental geological survey engineering.
Objective Nitrate contamination of groundwater is becoming more and more serious resulting from intensive human activities.
Methods Hydrochemistry and stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to trace the nitrate sources and transformation groundwaters in the Zhaotong basin, China. As well as, the origin of nitrate in the spring and well waters was quantitatively analyzed by SIAR model.
Results The results showed that: (1) The water quality of boreholes is good, while approximately 19% of the spring samples are not drinkable due to nitrate exceed the drinking water standard, and 13% of the well samples are unsuited to irrigation due to the high nitrate concentrations; (2) The ranges of δ15NNO3 in spring and well waters were 2.4‰-18‰ (mean of 7.9‰) and －4.5‰-39.7‰ (mean of 17.3‰), respectively, and the values of δ18ONO3 ranged from －8.8‰ to 39.3‰ (mean of 2.5‰), and from －16.4‰ to 26.7‰ (mean of 0‰), respectively. Based on the hydrochemical data and stable isotopic compositions, nitrification was the dominant process in the study area; (3) Nitrate in spring and well waters were mainly from manure & sewage, soil nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. The SIAR model showed that the contributions of manure & sewage, soil nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to spring were 48%, 28% and 24%, respectively, and to well water were 87%, 6% and 7%, respectively.
Conclusions Manure & sewage end-member accounted for 89% and 72% in the groundwaters from residential and agricultural areas, respectively, while it only accounted for 27% in the groundwater from forestry land, indicating that the more strongly affected by human activities, the more serious nitrate contamination of groundwater.
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