Distribution characteristics of arsenic in sediments and its control on groundwater arsenic enrichment : A case study of Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
研究目的 河套盆地西侧存在原生高砷地下水，查明含水层沉积物中砷的空间分布和赋存特征，分析地下水砷的富集机理，有利于保障当地居民用水安全。
研究方法 本研究在河套盆地山前冲洪积扇区的钻孔K02和河套盆地平原区的钻孔K01中分别采集25和26个沉积物样品，用于分析岩性特征与地球化学组分，并开展砷的分步提取与解吸附实验。
研究结果 山前冲洪积扇区含水层处于相对氧化的环境中，而平原区含水层处于封闭的还原环境中。后者沉积物电导率普遍高于前者，两者沉积物电导率随深度均有递减趋势。山前冲洪积扇区和平原区沉积物总固相砷含量相差不大，但固相砷的赋存形态差别较大，前者沉积物固相砷以无定形态的铁氧化物或氢氧化物共存的砷为主，后者则以强吸附态砷为主。
结论 沉积物中砷赋存特征的差异是造成平原区地下水砷浓度高于山前冲洪积扇区的主要原因。解吸附实验表明弱碱性环境或高Na/Ca0.5摩尔比值均能促进砷的解吸附，导致地下水中砷的富集。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
Objective Higharsenic (As) groundwater occurred in the west of Hetao Basin. Investigating the spatial distribution and occurrence characteristics of As in aquifer sediments and studying the enrichment mechanism of As ingroundwater are beneficial to ensure the safety of water for local residents.
Methods Twenty five sediment samples from borehole K02 in the piedmont alluvial fan and twenty sixsamples from borehole K01 in the plain were collectedto analyze lithological characteristics and geochemical components. These samples were further to conduct sequential extraction and desorption experiments of As in sediments.
Results The aquifers in the piedmont alluvial fan were in a relatively oxidized environment, while the aquifers in the plain area were in a closed reducing environment. Salinity of the latter sediment was generally higher than that of the former, and salinity of both sediments had a decreasing trend with depth. Total solid As content in the sediments of the piedmont alluvial vans and the plain area displayed little difference, but the occurrence pool of solid Aswas quite different. The former sediment solid As was dominated by the As incorporated in very amorphous Fe−(oxyhydr) oxides, while the latter was dominated by strongly adsorbed As.
Conclusions The differences of As occurrence characteristics in sediments were the main reason why groundwater As concentration in the plain area was higher than that in piedmont alluvial vans. Desorption experiments showed that weak alkalinity or high Na/Ca0.5 molar ratio could promote the desorption of As.
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Key words:
- sediment /
- solid arsenic /
- occurrence form /
- hydrogeological survey engineering /
- Hetao Basin /
- Inner Mongolia
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图 4 K02−M（a）、K02−F（b）、K02−C（c）、K01−F（d）、K01−S（e）和K01−C（f）沉积物中As的赋存形态以及不同形态所占的比例
Figure 4.
表 1 分步提取实验具体步骤
Table 1. Sequential extraction procedure
步骤 目标物 提取剂 条件 F1 弱吸附态砷 0.05 mol/L (NH4)2SO4 25 mL，25℃，4 h，重复一次，水洗一次 F2 强吸附态砷 0.5 mol/L NaH2PO4 40 mL，25℃，16 h及24 h各一次，每个时间段重复一次，水洗一次 F3 与可挥发硫化物、碳酸盐、锰氧化物和完全无定形态的铁氧化物或氢氧化物共存的砷 1 mol/L HCl 40 mL，25℃，1 h，重复一次，水洗一次 F4 与无定形态铁氧化物或氢氧化物共存的砷 0.2 mol/L NH4H2C2O3 40 mL，25℃，2 h，pH=3，黑暗条件下，重复一次，水洗一次 F5 与结晶态铁氧化物或氢氧化物
共存的砷0.5 mol/L NaC6H8O7
1 mol/L NaHCO3，Na2S2O4XH2O35 mL NaC6H8O7+2.5 mL NaHCO3（加热至85℃），加0.5 g Na2S2O4XH2O，15 min在85℃，重复一次，水洗一次 F6 与硅酸盐有关的砷 10 mol/L HF，H3BO3 40 mL，25℃，1 h、24 h、16 h后各加5 g硼酸，每个时间段重复一次，热水洗一次 F7 含砷硫化物，与硫化物和有机质
共沉淀的砷16 mol/L HNO3，30% H2O2 先加入10 mL HNO3，反应过后加入多次30%过氧化氢，加热，冷却后稀释到100 mL，离心、过滤、测试 
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表 2 离子强度为（130±5）mmol/L条件下，不同浓度NaCl和CaCl2混合液的Na/Ca0.5（M/M）比值
Table 2. Na/Ca0.5(M/M) ratio of the mixed solution of different concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 under the condition of ionic strength of about (130±5) mmol/L
NaCl/(mmol/L) CaCl2/(mmol/L) Na/Ca0.5 2 43 0.3 5 42 0.7 10 40 1.6 30 35 5.0 60 23 13 110 7 42 125 1.5 102
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表 3 用于分步提取的沉积物信息
Table 3. Sediment information for SEP
编号 岩性 采样深度/m K02−M 中砂 38.35 K02−F 细砂 62.25 K02−C 黏土 41.95 K01−F 细砂 55.15 K01−S 粉砂 30.95 K01−C 黏土 37.85
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