Hydrochemistry−isotope characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater in the Beiluo River Basin, Shaanxi Province
-
摘要:
研究目的 北洛河是黄河的重要二级支流，研究该流域典型支流地下水的水质状况对于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。
研究方法 本文以北洛河流域为主要对象，系统查明流域地下水水质现状，圈定劣质地下水分布区，为饮水安全提供保障。此外，对该区地下水水化学和D−18O同位素组成进行分析，研究地下水水化学特征及演化机制，揭示水文地质条件及人为因素对区域地下水水文地球化学特征的控制和影响作用。
研究结果 区内地下水水化学成分除受岩石风化和蒸发浓缩作用的共同控制之外，部分还受到人类活动的影响。D−18O同位素组成指示了地下水整体上受蒸发浓缩作用影响。
结论 上游碎屑岩中的石膏、盐岩等易溶矿物经溶滤进入地下水，下游松散孔隙水在蒸发浓缩的作用下积聚盐分导致上、下游地下水TDS较高；奥陶系岩溶含水岩组和新生界断陷盆地含水岩组地下水水化学组成主要受蒸发盐岩影响，此外还受到人类活动的影响。白垩系和石炭系—侏罗系含水岩组地下水主要分布于岩石风化区，说明该地下水水化学组分主要受岩石风化作用控制，且主要受硅酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩风化影响，人类活动影响的扰动相对较小。上、下游地区地下水受工矿活动影响较严重，中游地下水受工矿活动、农业活动、生活污水影响均较小，水质整体较好。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
Objective The Beiluo River Basin is an important secondary tributary of the Yellow River. Research on groundwater quality in typical tributary basin of theYellow River is of significant for ecological protection and high−quality development. To ensure local drinking water safety, we systematically identified status of groundwater quality and delineated inferior groundwater region in the Beiluo River Basin.
Methods Besides, based on analysis of D−18O isotope in groundwater, characteristics and evolution mechanism of groundwater hydrochemistry were studied and effects of hydrogeological condition and anthropogenic activities on groundwater hydrochemistry were revealed.
Results Groundwater hydrochemical composition was jointly affected by rock weathering and evaporation concentration, part of which was influenced by anthropogenic activities. D−18O isotope composition suggested that evaporation concentration is the major influence factor of groundwater hydrogeochemistry.
Conclusions Leaching of soluble minerals such as gypsum halite in clasolite and evaporation concentration of pore water in Cenozoic faulted basin in the downstream caused salt accumulation and high TDS in groundwater in the upstream and downstream, respectively. Hydrochemical composition of groundwater in Ordovician karst aquifer and Cenozoic faulted basin aquifer was mainly controlled by evaporites and anthropogenic activities. While hydrochemical composition in Cretaceous aquifer and Carboniferous−Jurassic aquifer was mainly controlled by rock weathering (especially silicate rocks and evaporite) and less affected by anthropogenic activities. Moreover, groundwater in the upstream and downstream was significantly affected by industrial and mining activities. While groundwater in the midstream is of good quality due to less influence of industrial/mining activities, agricultural activities and domestic wastewater.
-
-
图 5 沿水文地质剖面代表性地下水TDS（a）、pH（b）、Fe（c）、γNa/γCl（d）、100×γSO4/γCl（e）和γ(Cl−Na)/γMg（f）箱型图
Figure 5.
表 1 水质单项分析指标检测方法及检出限
Table 1. Detection methods and detection limitsof water quality indices
检测指标 检出限 测试手段 检测指标 检出限 测试手段 检测指标 检出限 测试手段 pH值 0.10 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 NO3−/(mg/L) 0.02 离子色谱 Mn/(mg/L) 0.0002 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 K+/(mg/L) 0.01 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 Br/(mg/L) 0.30 离子色谱 Sr/(mg/L) 0.001 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 Na+/(mg/L) 0.01 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 Cr6+/(mg/L) 0.04 紫外可见分光光度计 Li/(μg/L) 5.00 电感耦合等离子体质谱 Ca2+/(mg/L) 0.004 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 H2SiO3/(mg/L) 0.06 紫外可见分光光度计 Cr/(μg/L) 1.00 电感耦合等离子体质谱 Mg2+/(mg/L) 0.01 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 NH4+/(mg/L) 0.04 紫外可见分光光度计 Cu/(μg/L) 0.50 电感耦合等离子体质谱 HCO3−/(mg/L) 5.00 酸式滴定 NO2−/(mg/L) 0.00 紫外可见分光光度计 Zn/(μg/L) 1.00 电感耦合等离子体质谱 CO32−/(mg/L) 5.00 酸式滴定 PO43−/(mg/L) 0.10 紫外可见分光光度计 As/(μg/L) 1.00 电感耦合等离子体质谱 OH−/(mg/L) 2.00 酸式滴定 TH/(mg/L) 10.00 酸式滴定 Se/(μg/L) 1.00 电感耦合等离子体质谱 Cl−/(mg/L) 0.10 离子色谱 COD/(mg/L) 0.04 滴定 Cd/(μg/L) 0.02 电感耦合等离子体质谱 SO42−/(mg/L) 0.20 离子色谱 TDS/(mg/L) 4.00 万分之一天平 Hg/(μg/L) 0.55 电感耦合等离子体质谱 F−/(mg/L) 0.006 离子色谱 Fe/(mg/L) 0.002 电感耦合等离子体发生光谱 Pb/(μg/L) 0.05 电感耦合等离子体质谱 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 北洛河流域不同含水岩组地下水水化学指标与组合特征参数统计值
Table 2. Statistics of hydrochemical indices and characteristic parameters of groundwater in different aquifer groups in Beiluo River Basin
水化学指标 白垩系含水岩组
地下水 (n=42)石炭系—侏罗系含水岩组
地下水 (n=46)奥陶系岩溶含水岩组
地下水 (n=131)新生界断陷盆地含水岩组
地下水 (n=59)pH 7.40~9.90/8.07 7.35~8.51/7.94 7.18~8.73/7.83 7.26~9.40/7.98 TDS/(mg/L) 230.0~5883.00/869.00 218.00~1815.00/525.00 242.00~11819.00/1295.0 290.00~7910.00/2774.00 TH/(mg/L) 11.60~3125.0/437.00 108.00~1031.00/270.00 82.10~5240.00/516.00 107.00~3815.00/856.00 K+ /(mg/L) 0.62~13.05/2.87 0.58~16.47/1.73 0.56~22.86/5.64 1.22~40.73/5.86 Na+/(mg/L) 23.60~962.00/156 9.90~234.00/67.80 22.50~2729.00/301.00 21.44~2324.00/709.00 Ca2+ /(mg/L) 18.36~270.00/60.30 13.55~321.00/61.20 4.57~908.00/84.30 6.33~677.00/94.52 Mg2+/(mg/L) 16.58~601.00/69.28 12.11~114.00/29.90 12.60~664.00/71.50 10.36~507.00/138.00 Cl−/(mg/L) 6.13~2255.22/183.00 4.48~87.60/21.50 3.55~5620.00/266.00 8.98~2581.00/602.00 SO42−/(mg/L) 6.64~1401.00/189.00 4.09~195.00/47.52 3.00~2016.00/360.00 26.95~2976.00/858.00 HCO3−/(mg/L) 83.45~618.00/321.00 204.00~491.00/331.00 193.00~886.00/408.00 11.13~1060.00/504.00 CO32−/(mg/L) <5.00~45.60/16.47 <5.00~33.44/13.59 <5.00~125.00/28.56 <5.00~140.00/34.99 NO3−/(mg/L) 1.28~375.50/42.33 0.30~251.80/22.68 0.46~736.60/37.55 0.19~1162.00/102.00 F−/(mg/L) 0.092~2.65/0.78 0.198~2.30/0.785 0.183~6.300/1.498 <0.006~6.300/2.021 Cd /(mg/L) 0.003~0.15/0.036 0.003~0.046/0.020 0.001~0.373/0.054 0.001~0.328/0.057 Cr6+/(mg/L) 0.005~0.19/0.037 0.005~0.030/0.015 0.004~0.556/0.071 0.004~0.334/0.082 As/(mg/L) <0.001~0.009/0.004 <0.001~0.013/0.003 <0.001~0.267/0.017 <0.001~0.023/0.007 δD/‰ −98.00~−62.34/−82.60 −67.19~−61.13/−64.44 −83.80~−65.60/−72.61 −79.90~−54.97/−66.30 δ18O/‰ −12.40~−7.94/−10.57 −8.9~−8.08/−8.61 −10.5~−8.60/−9.54 −10.7~−7.30/−8.80 γNa/γCl 0.66~14.23/3.99 0.81~20.14/6.18 0.60~35.71/4.80 0.90~27.18/3.14 (100×γSO4)/γCl 27.00~792.00/142.00 35.00~472.00/155.00 15.00~1537.00/211.00 34.00~1060.00/141.00 γ(Cl−Na)/γMg −2.93~0.43/−0.74 −3.00~0.07/−1.02 −9.64~0.93/−1.61 −19.92~0.16/−2.21 注：“/”左侧数值为“最小值~最大值”，“/”右侧数值为“平均值”。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 北洛河流域不同含水岩组地下水同位素组成
Table 3. Isotope composition of groundwater in different aquifer groups in the Beiluo River Basin
同位素指标 白垩系含水岩组
地下水 (n=11)石炭系—侏罗系含水岩组
地下水 (n=0)奥陶系岩溶含水岩组
地下水 (n=12)新生界断陷盆地含水岩组
地下水 (n=19)δD/‰ −98.00~−62.34/−83.18 / −83.80~−65.60/−72.61 −79.90~−54.97/−66.30 δ18O/‰ −12.40~−7.94/−10.69 / −10.5~−8.60/−9.54 −10.7~−7.30/−8.80 注：“/”左侧数值为“最小值~最大值”，“/”右侧数值为“平均值”。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Abhijit M, Alan E F. 2008. Deeper groundwater chemistryand geochemical modeling of the arsenic affected western Bengal basin, West Bengal, India[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 23(4): 863−894. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.07.011
[2] Dong Ying, Song Yougui, Zhang Maosheng, Lan Minwen, Fu Xiaofen, Liu Huifang, Ning Qiangqiang. 2019. Several key basic geological problems on the development of the Guanzhongurban agglomeration[J]. Northwestern Geology, 52(2): 12−26 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3] Gaillardet J, Dupré B, Louvat P, Allègre C. J. 1999. Global silicateweathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from thechemistry of large rivers[J]. Chemical Geology, 159(1/4): 3−30. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00031-5
[4] Ge Fenli. 2013. Analysis of feature variation of water sediment and probing of reasons in upstream area of Beiluo River[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 4: 145−150 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] Gibbs R J. 1970. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J]. Science, 170(3962): 1088−1090. doi: 10.1126/science.170.3962.1088
[6] Han Shuangbao. 2021. Introduction of China Geological Survey project ‘Hydrogeological Survey of the Yellow River Basin’[J]. Geology in China, 48(6): 1664 (in Chinese).
[7] Han Shuangbao, Li Fucheng, Wang Sai1, LiHaixue, Yuan Lei, Liu Jingtao, Shen Haoyong, Zhang Xueqing, Li Changqing, Wu Xi, Ma Tao, Wei Shibo, Zhao Minmin. 2021. Groundwater resource and eco−environmental problem of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Geology in China, 48(4): 1001−1019 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] Han Shuangbao, Wang Sai, Zhao Minmin, Wu Xi, Yuan Lei, Li Haixue, Li Fucheng, Ma Tao, Li Wenpeng, Zheng Yan. 2023. Ecological environmental changes and its impact on water resources and water–sediments relationship in Beiluo River Basin[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 50(6): 14–24 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9] Jiang Guantao. 2016. Responses of Runoff and Sediment to Land Use Cover Changes in the Upper Reaches of Beiluo River Based on SWAT Model [D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 1−82(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10] Jing Yong, Chen Fangli, Ge Fenli, Gu Mingxing. 2010. Characteristics of water and sediment in source area of Beiluohe River[J]. Hydrology, 4: 92−96 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] Kang Yuan. 2008. Environmental Issue and Information System Construction of Oil Exploration and Exploitation in the Upper Stream of Beiluohe River in Northern Shaanxi Province [D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 1−76 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] Liang Xing, Zhang Jingwei, Lan Kun, Shen Shuai, Ma Teng. 2020. Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and analysis of groundwater flow systems in Jianghan Plain[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 39(1): 21−33 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13] Luo Xinyan. 2021. Analysis on the transformation relationship between surface water and groundwater in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Mineral Resources and Geology, 35(3): 517−522 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14] Ma Tao, Li Wenli, Han Shuangbao, Zhang Hongqiang, Wang Wenke, Li Fucheng, Li Haixue, He Xubo, Zhao Meimei. 2023. Distribution characteristics, influencing factors and development potential of groundwater resources in Shaanxi Province of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Geology in China, 50(5): 1432−1445 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] Ma Yukun. 2017. Analysis of water resources situation in the lower reaches of Beiluo River [J]. Shaanxi Water Resources, 6: 3, 15 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16] Pu Junbing, Yuan Daoxian, Jiang Yongjun, Gou Pengfei, Yin Jianjun. 2010. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental meaning of Chongqing subterranean karst streams in China[J]. Advances in Water Science, 21(5): 628−636 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17] Qiao Wen, Cao Wengeng, Gao Zhipeng, PanDeng, Ren Yu, Li Zeyan, Zhang Zhuo. 2022. Contrasting behaviors of groundwater arsenic and fluoride in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin, China: Geochemical and modeling evidences [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 851(Pt 1): 158134.
[18] Qin Pengyi, Xu Xianfeng, Cai Wutian, Li Guiheng, Wei Shenghui. 2020. Analysis on aquifers hydrochemical distribution characteristics and genesis of the alluvial fan in Anyang, Henan Province[J]. Hydrology, 40(6): 89−96 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] Qin Wei, Zhu Qingke, Liu Guangquan, Zhang Yan. 2010. Regulation effects of runoff and sediment of ecological conservation in the upper reaches of Beiluo River[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 11: 1325−1332 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20] Tan Kaijun, Zhang Fan, Yin Lu, Dai Dongdong, Qi Wen. 2012. Preservation conditions for formation water and hydrocarbon in Wuxia area, Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1: 36−39.
[21] Tong Xiaoxia, Tang Hui, Gan Rong, Li Zitao, He Xinlin, Gu Shuqian. 2022. Characteristics and causes of changing groundwater quality in the boundary line of the middle and lower Yellow River (right bank)[J]. Water, 14(12): 1846. doi: 10.3390/w14121846
[22] Wang Xueping, Li Wenzhe. 2010. Geological tectonics control on the karstic water in the south margin of the Ordos Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology, 43(3): 106−112 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[23] Xing Lina, Guo Huaming, Zhan Yanhong. 2013. Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and processes along flow paths in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 70−71: 250−264. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.03.017
[24] Xu Wenmei, Lian Zhenmin. 2007. Factors of vegetation change in Beiluo River Valley[J]. Journal of Yanan University (Social Science), 29(2): 79−81 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[25] Yu Songyan, Xu Zongxue, Wu Wei, Li yanli. 2014. Spatial variation of water quality and its response to landuse in the Beiluo River Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 34(5): 1309−1315 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[26] Zhang Fan, Wang Guangcai, Zhang Maosheng, Sun Pingping, Han Xu, Guo Jiangbo. 2023. Identification of produced water and characteristics of hydrochemistry and stable hydrogen−oxygen isotopes of contaminated groundwater[J]. Northwestern Geology, 56(3): 98–108 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] Zhao Ming, Huang Chunchang, Pang Jiangli, ZhaXiaochun, Yao Ping. 2011. Palaeo−flood hydrological studies in the middle reaches of Beiluo River[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 20(5): 155−161 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28] Zhi Chuanshun, Cao Wengeng, Wang Zhen, Li Zeyan. 2021. High−arsenic groundwater in paleochannels of the lower Yellow River, China: Distribution and genesis mechanisms[J]. Water, 13(3): 338. doi: 10.3390/w13030338
[29] Zhou Qiaoli, Song Yumei, Zhou Yibo, Zhang Tuxiu, SuLiukun. 2019. Analysis of air and groundwater pollution in a municipal solid waste landfill site in Guangzhou[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 38(4): 761−767 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[30] Zhu B Q, Yang X P, Rioual P, Qin X G, Liu Z T, Xiong Heigang, Yu Jingjie. 2011. Hydrogeochemistry of three watersheds (the Erlqis, Zhungarer and Yili) in northern Xinjiang, NW China[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 26(8): 1535−1548. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.06.018
[31] 董英, 宋友桂, 张茂省, 兰敏文, 付晓芬, 刘慧芳, 宁强强. 2019. 关中盆地城市群发展中几个关键基础地质问题[J]. 西北地质, 52(2): 12−26.
[32] 葛芬莉. 2013. 北洛河上游区水沙特性变化分析研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 4: 145−150.
[33] 韩双宝. 2021. 中国地质调查局黄河流域水文地质调查工程简介[J]. 中国地质, 48(6): 1664.
[34] 韩双宝, 李甫成, 王赛, 李海学, 袁磊, 刘景涛, 申豪勇, 张学庆, 李长青, 吴玺, 马涛, 魏世博, 赵敏敏. 2021. 黄河流域地下水资源状况及其生态环境问题[J]. 中国地质, 48(4): 1001−1019.
[35] 韩双宝, 王赛, 赵敏敏, 吴玺, 袁磊, 李海学, 李甫成, 马涛, 李文鹏, 郑焰. 2023. 北洛河流域生态环境变迁及对水资源和水沙关系的影响[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 50(6): 14–24.
[36] 蒋观滔. 2016. 基于SWAT模型的北洛河上游土地利用/覆被变化水沙响应研究 [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 1−82.
[37] 井涌, 陈芳莉, 葛芬莉, 古明兴. 2010. 北洛河源头区水沙特性变化分析[J]. 水文, 4: 92−96.
[38] 康媛. 2008. 陕北北洛河上游石油勘探开发的环境问题及信息系统建设[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 1−76.
[39] 梁杏, 张婧玮, 蓝坤, 沈帅, 马腾. 2020. 江汉平原地下水化学特征及水流系统分析[J]. 地质科技情报, 39(1): 21−33.
[40] 罗新燕. 2021. 黄河流域内地表水与地下水转化关系分析[J]. 矿产与地质, 35(3): 517−522.
[41] 马涛, 李文莉, 韩双宝, 张红强, 王文科, 李甫成, 李海学, 贺旭波, 赵梅梅. 2023. 黄河流域陕西省地下水资源分布特征、影响因素及开发潜力[J]. 中国地质, 50(5): 1432−1445.
[42] 马禹锟. 2017. 北洛河下游水资源情况及分析[J]. 陕西水利, 6: 3, 15.
[43] 蒲俊兵, 袁道先, 蒋勇军, 苟鹏飞, 殷建军. 2010. 重庆岩溶地下河水文地球化学特征及环境意义[J]. 水科学进展, 21(5): 628−636.
[44] 秦鹏一, 徐先锋, 蔡五田, 李贵恒, 魏盛辉. 2020. 河南安阳冲洪积扇含水层水化学分布特征及成因分析[J]. 水文, 40(6): 89−96.
[45] 秦伟, 朱清科, 刘广全, 张岩. 2010. 北洛河上游生态建设的水沙调控效应[J]. 水利学报, 11: 1325−1332.
[46] 谭开俊, 张帆, 尹路, 代冬冬, 齐雯. 2012. 准噶尔盆地乌夏地区地层水与油气保存条件[J]. 石油实验地质, 1: 36−39.
[47] 王学平, 李稳哲. 2010. 地质构造对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘岩溶地下水的控制作用[J]. 西北地质, 43(3): 106−112.
[48] 徐文梅, 廉振民. 2007. 试析北洛河流域植被变迁的原因[J]. 延安大学学报, 29(2): 79−81.
[49] 于松延, 徐宗学, 武玮, 李艳利. 2014. 北洛河流域水质空间异质性及其对土地利用结构的响应[J]. 环境科学学报, 34(5): 1309−1315.
[50] 张帆, 王广才, 张茂省, 孙萍萍, 韩绪, 郭江波. 2023. 产出水识别及受污染地下水水化学和氢氧稳定同位素特征[J]. 西北地质, 56(3): 98–108.
[51] 赵明, 黄春长, 庞奖励, 查小春, 姚平. 2011. 北洛河中游白水段峡谷全新世特大洪水水文学研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 20(5): 155−161.
[52] 周巧丽, 宋玉梅, 周漪波, 张土秀, 苏流坤. 2019. 广州市某生活垃圾填埋场空气及地下水污染状况分析[J]. 环境化学, 38(4): 761−767.
-
图(10)
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1197
- PDF下载数: 120
- 施引文献: 0