Characteristics of Middle Jurassic overpressure and tight gas accumulation in Shengbei Sub−sag, Turpan−Hami Basin, Xinjiang
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摘要:
研究目的 吐哈盆地胜北洼陷致密气已成为拓展勘探新战场、发现新储量的重要领域，致密储层发育特征及成藏机理已成为亟需解决的关键科学问题之一。
研究方法 运用地球化学、地球物理学和油气地质等综合研究方法，对中侏罗统致密气源储特征和成藏期次进行了系统分析，厘定了超压发育特征及对致密气成藏的控制作用。
研究结果 （1）主力烃源岩的有机质类型以III型干酪根为主，整体处于以生气为主的成熟期。中侏罗统发育低孔低渗—低孔特低渗致密储层，平均孔隙度为7.1%，平均渗透率为0.074×10−3 μm2。孔隙类型以次生溶蚀孔为主，同时发育黏土矿物层间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔和微裂缝。（2）中侏罗统发育以压力传导和生烃增压为成因的超压，压力系数主要分布在1.2~1.5，纵向上超压顶界面位于七克台组中上部。超压主要分布在胜北洼陷东部和东南部，断裂系统控制超压分布范围。（3）烃源岩排烃持续时间较长，从晚三叠世至今，至少存在两期主要的天然气充注期，两期主要成藏期次为：晚侏罗世至早白垩世和古新世至今。
结论 中侏罗统致密气藏以“远源−近源两期成藏、压力−断裂协同输导、断裂−超压协调控制”的成藏模式为主。本文研究成果将为胜北洼陷致密气勘探开发提供科学依据和技术支持。
Abstract:This paper is the result of oil and gas exploration engineering.
Objective The tight gas in the Shengbei subsag of the Turpan−Hami Basin has become an important field for expanding new exploration battlefields and discovering new reserves. The development characteristics and accumulation mechanism of tight reservoirs have become one of the key scientific issues that need to be solved urgently.
Methods Using comprehensive research methods such as geochemistry, geophysics and oil and gas geology, the characteristics and accumulation stages of tight gas sources and reservoirs in the Middle Jurassic were systematically analyzed, and characteristics of overpressure development and the controlling effect on tight gas accumulation were determined.
Results (1) The organic matter type of the main source rocks is mainly type III kerogen, and the whole is in the mature stage dominated by gas generation. Middle Jurassic developed low porosity and low permeability−low porosity and ultra−low permeability tight reservoirs, with an average porosity of 7.1% and an average permeability of 0.074×10−3 μm2. The pore type is dominated by secondary dissolution pores, while clay mineral interlayer pores, pyrite intercrystalline pores and micro−fractures are developed. (2) The Middle Jurassic developed overpressure caused by pressure conduction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization. The pressure coefficient was mainly distributed between 1.2 and 1.5. The overpressure top interface was located in the middle and upper part of the Qiketai Formation vertically. The overpressure is mainly distributed in the east and southeast of the Shengbei subsag, and the fault system controls the distribution range of the overpressure. (3) The hydrocarbon expulsion from source rocks lasted for a long time. From Late Triassic to the present, there have been at least two main periods of natural gas charging, and the two main accumulation periods are: Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Paleocene to date.
Conclusions The Middle Jurassic tight gas reservoirs are dominated by the accumulation model of "two−stage accumulation from far−source and near−source, pressure−fault coordinated transport, and fault−overpressure coordinated control". The research results in this paper will provide scientific basis and technical support for tight gas exploration and development in Shengbei Sub−sag.
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