Petrophysical characteristics of bauxite in Ordos Basin and conception of deep exploration and mining
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摘要:
研究目的 鄂尔多斯盆地是中国重要的能源基地，拥有丰富的石油、天然气和煤炭资源，以及铝土矿、铀矿等矿产资源。在盆地周缘铝土矿丰富，但盆地内深部铝土矿研究甚少。油气钻探显示盆地内铝土矿资源丰富，埋深在100~4000 m，如果能实现深部铝土矿勘探开采，将极大缓解中国铝土矿资源不足的局面。
研究方法 本文以鄂尔多斯盆地铜川地区铝土矿为研究对象，开展了铝土矿地质特征及岩石物理学特征研究。
研究结果 （1）盆地深部铝土矿电性特征明显，具有“四高两低”特征，参考油气测井解释方法，可建立铝土矿识别标准和铝土矿测井解释模型，获取一水硬铝石含量，完成铝土矿的评价；（2）盆地铝土矿分布受古生界马家沟组古地貌控制，矿层稳定分布，资源量可观，具有很大勘探潜力；（3）铝土矿属于沉积岩，具有一定的孔隙和渗透性，且呈现夹心构造，渗透性较高铝土矿层常被渗透性较低黏土岩包围，满足原位溶浸开采的地质条件；（4）根据应力敏感分析，铝土矿具有可压性，在一定应力下会出现新的孔隙或裂缝，可以进一步改善矿层渗透性，增加铝土矿原位溶浸开采可能性。
结论 利用测井技术可以开展鄂尔多斯盆地深部铝土矿资源评价，结合铝土矿的岩石物理特征，铝土矿可以考虑采用原位溶浸开采。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective Ordos Basin is an important energy base in China, with rich oil, natural gas and coal resources, bauxite, uranium and other mineral resources. Bauxite is abundant around the basin, but there is little research on deep bauxite in the basin. Oil and gas drilling shows that the basin is rich in bauxite resources, with a buried depth of one hundred to four kilometers. If the exploration and mining of deep bauxite can be realized, the situation of insufficient bauxite resources in China will be greatly alleviated.
Methods The geological characteristics and petrophysical characteristics of bauxite in Tongchuan area, Ordos basin are studied in this paper.
Results (1) The deep bauxite in the basin has obvious electrical characteristics, which is characterized by "four high and two low". With reference to oil and gas logging interpretation methods, bauxite identification standards and bauxite logging interpretation models can be established to obtain diaspore content and complete the evaluation of bauxite; (2) The distribution of bauxite in the basin is controlled by the palaeogeomorphology of the Paleozoic Majiagou Formation, and the ore bed is stably distributed, with considerable resources and great exploration potential; (3) Bauxite belongs to sedimentary rock, which has certain porosity and permeability, and presents sandwich structure. The bauxite ore bed with high permeability is often surrounded by clay rock with low permeability, meeting the geological conditions of in-situ solution mining; (4) According to stress sensitivity analysis, bauxite is compressible, and new pores or cracks will appear under certain stress, which can further improve the permeability of the ore bed and increase the possibility of in-situ leaching mining of bauxite.
Conclusions Logging technology can be used to evaluate the deep bauxite resources in Ordos Basin. In combination with the petrophysical characteristics of bauxite, in-situ leaching mining can be considered for bauxite.
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表 1 岩心基本参数
Table 1. Basic core parameters
编号 直径/mm 长度/mm 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 2# 2.564 3.474 0.846 0.516 5# 2.574 5.604 1.38 1.247 
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表 2 应力敏感损害率评价标准
Table 2. Evaluation criteria for stress sensitive damage rate
应力敏 损害率% 损害程度 Dv≤5 无 5＜Dv≤30 弱 30＜Dv≤50 中等偏弱 50＜Dv≤70 中等偏强 Dv＞70 强
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