Physical simulation analysis of the Cenozoic fault activities and structural deformation mechanism of the Youjiang area
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摘要:
右江地区北西向断裂起源于晚古生代右江盆地内发育的同沉积断裂，这些断裂近等间距平行分布，新生代以来发生了多期次左旋走滑活动，进而导致了右江地区整体发生简单剪切变形。利用三维沙箱模型展开了物理模拟实验，对新生代右江地区的变形机制进行了分析。实验结果表明，早期在红河断裂的左旋剪切错动和印支地块的顺时针旋转联合作用下，右江地区北西向断裂复活，并发生明显的左旋走滑活动；随后川滇地块发生东南向的挤出运动，对右江地区产生侧向挤压，导致了右江地区北西向断裂新一轮的快速左旋走滑活动，同时还导致了右江地区西部的地壳压缩增厚。实验证实新生代右江地区的简单剪切变形以及北西向断裂的走滑活动是印支地块和川滇地块挤出运动共同作用的结果，同时也是印度-欧亚板块碰撞产生的连锁反应之一。
Abstract:The NW-trending faults in the Youjiang area originated from synsedimentary faults developed in the Youjiang Basin of Late Paleozoic. In Cenozoic these equidistantly spaced faults have undergone multiple left-lateral strike-slip activities,which then led to a simple-shear deformation of the Youjiang area. A 3-D sandbox model is designed to study the deformation mechanism of the Youjiang area. The experimental results show that the NW-trending faults were reactivated and a strikingly left-lateral strike slip occurred under the left-lateral movement and the clockwise rotation of the Indochina block. And then the lateral compression of the Sichuan-Yunnan block resulted in a new round of fast left-lateral strike-slip of the NW-trending faults in the Youjiang area,and it also resulted in crustal compression and thickening in the western part of the Youjiang area. Both the left-lateral strike-slip activities of the NW-trending faults and the simple-shear deformation occurred in the Youjiang area in Cenozoic were driven by the extrusion of the Indochina Block and the Sichuan-Yunnan Block,and they can be viewed as one of the consequences of the India-Eurasia collision.
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Key words:
- Youjiang area /
- strike-slip fault /
- deformation mechanism /
- block /
- physical simulation
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表 1 北西向断裂伴生盆地统计表(聂冠军等，2019)
Table 1. Accompanying basins of the NW faults(Nie et al., 2019)
断裂名称 断裂伴生盆地 盆地类型 盆地开启年代 巴马-博白断裂 宾阳盆地 半地堑式断陷盆地 第四纪 右江断裂 永乐盆地 拉分盆地 始新世 百色盆地 拉分盆地 始新世 隆安盆地 拉分盆地 始新世 南宁盆地 尾张型拉张盆地 始新世 靖西-崇左断裂 宁明盆地 半地堑式断陷盆地 渐新世 海渊盆地 半地堑式断陷盆地 渐新世 上思盆地 半地堑式断陷盆地 渐新世 广南盆地 拉分盆地 中新世 那坡断裂 Caobang basin 拉分盆地 中新世 Thatkhe basin 拉分盆地 中新世 Naduong basin 拉分盆地 中新世 Tien Yen Bay 尾张型拉张盆地 - 文山断裂 文山盆地 拉分盆地 始新世 
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表 2 各实验阶段的加载参数设置
Table 2. Parameter setting for the loading in different experimental stages
实验阶段 加载方式 加载速率/(mm/s) 移动量/cm 第一阶段A 在模型下侧边界施加带顺时针旋转的左旋剪切 0.05 20 第一阶段B 在模型的下侧边界施加单侧左旋剪切 0.05 20 第二阶段 在模型的左侧下方施加向右的挤压 0.01 2
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