Structural analysis and ore-controlling model of the Xiaohe lead-zinc deposit in ore-concentrated area, northeastern Yunnan, China
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摘要:
小河铅锌矿是滇东北铅锌矿集区内少数几个由北西向主断裂控制的典型铅锌矿床之一，矿化蚀变的空间展布严格受构造控制。为查明其区内构造对矿化蚀变的控制作用特征，通过不同中段大比例尺构造-蚀变岩相学填图，对不同方向构造进行筛分，并对不同中段不同矿(化)体特征和蚀变特征开展了系统的剖析，结果表明：小河铅锌矿床矿化蚀变的岩石组成、类型及结构等相对简单，围岩蚀变以热液白云石化、方解石化、硅化和黄铁矿化为主；矿化主要为闪锌矿化、方铅矿化；该区构造组合形迹反映矿区内存在6期构造体系，分别为加里东期-海西期、印支早-中期、印支晚期-燕山早期、燕山中期、燕山晚期和喜马拉雅期；印支晚期-燕山早期成矿流体沿区内北西向张性-张扭性构造发生大规模运移，在断裂上盘及与之配套的次级断裂、构造破碎带、节理裂隙等构造有利部位成矿，并依次形成以断裂为中心且平面上呈带状展布的矿化蚀变分带：矿化边缘带(Ⅰ)→矿化过渡带(Ⅱ)→矿化中心带(Ⅲ)。最终建立了小河铅锌矿床构造控矿模式。研究成果对同类矿床及川滇黔接壤区的找矿预测具有重要指导意义。
Abstract:The Xiaohe lead-zinc deposit is one of the few typical lead-zinc deposits controlled by NW-trending major faults in the ore-concentrated area in northeastern Yunnan,China. The spatial distribution of mineralization and alteration is strictly controlled by structures. In order to ascertain the characteristics of the controlling effect of the structures on mineralization and alteration in this area,the large-scale tectonic-altered lithofacies mapping method in different level adits is adopted. The faults in different directions were screened and the characteristics of different mineralization and alteration in different level adits were systematically analyzed. The results show that:the composition,type and structure of mineralization and alteration of the Xiaohe lead-zinc deposit are relatively simple. Wall rock alteration is dominated by hydrothermal dolomitization,calcilization,silicification and pyritization. The mineralization mainly occurs to sphalerite and galena. Tectonic assemblages reflect the existence of a 6-phase tectonic system in the mining area:Caledonian-Haixi period,Early-Mid-Indosinian period,Late-Indosinian period to Early-Yanshan period,Middle Yanshan period,Late Yanshan period and Himalayan period. Large scale migration of ore-forming fluid occurred along the NW direction of tensile or torsional faults in the late Late-Indosinian and Early-Yanshan. Meneralization occurs in favorable structural parts such as the upper wall of the faults and its supporting secondary faults,structural fracture zones,joint fractures,etc. The mineralization-alteration zone was formed with the fault as the center and was distributed with zone. The sequence is mineralized marginal zone (Ⅰ),mineralized transition zone (Ⅱ) to mineralized central zone (Ⅲ). Finally,the structure-controlling model of the Xiaohe lead-zinc deposit was established. This understanding has important guiding significance for the prospecting prediction of similar deposits and the border area between Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou province.
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表 1 小河铅锌矿床成矿阶段划分及矿物生成顺序
Table 1. Paragenetic sequence of minerals in the Xiaohe Pb-Zn deposit
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