Seismogenic, coseismic and postseismic deformation and stress evolution of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Numerical simulation analysis
-
摘要:
2008年MS 8.0级汶川大地震发生在具有复杂的地质构造背景、强烈的地表起伏、不均匀的弹性和黏性结构的龙门山断裂带上。由于震前地震活动性不够强烈且地表构造变形较小，龙门山断裂带的地震危险性在汶川地震之前被低估。从数值模拟的角度，建立黏弹性有限元模型，考虑了初始地形、重力、构造加载、黏弹性松弛等因素对2008年汶川大地震的孕震、同震及震后150年变形全过程的影响，定量研究了映秀-北川断裂带的同震及震后变形，分析了弹性层、黏弹性层的应力积累、释放、调整的特点，模拟得到地表同震和震后位移与大地测量资料较为吻合，对汶川大地震的余震分布进行了力学上的解释，模拟得到震前、同震及震后的应力变化有助于深入分析大地震的动力学成因及其对周围区域的地震危险性影响。
Abstract:The 2008 MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the Longmenshan fault zone, which has complex geological background, strong surface relief, and heterogeneous elastic-viscous structures; however, the seismic risk of the Longmenshan fault zone was underestimated before the Wenchuan earthquake due to the low seismicity and slight surface tectonic deformation. We established an elastic-viscous finite element model from the perspective of numerical simulation, taking multiple factors into consideration, such as initial topography, gravity, tectonic loading, and viscoelastic relaxation of the middle and lower crusts and the upper mantle. The effects of the mentioned factors on the dynamic process of seismogenic and coseismic deformations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as well as the postseismic deformation in 150 years were analyzed. We quantitively studied the coseismic and postseismic deformations of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone, and summerized the characteristics of stress accumulation, release, and adjustment in both the elastic and viscoelastic layers. The simulation results of the surface coseismic and postseismic displacements showed a good agreement with the geodetic data, and the aftershock distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake was explained in mechanics. The changes in preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic stress were calculated to analyze the dynamic cause of the Wenchuan earthquake and the influence on the seismic risk of surrounding areas.
-
-
表 1 龙门山断裂带两侧P波速度随深度的分布表(黄晓萍，2012)
Table 1. Distribution of P-wave velocity with depth on both sides of the Longmenshan fault zone (Huang, 2012)
龙门山断裂带西侧(松潘甘孜地块) 龙门山断裂带东侧(四川盆地) 界面深度/km P波速度/(km/s) 界面深度/km P波速度/(km/s) 0 5.0 0 4.5 4 5.4 3 5.0 7 5.8 7 5.4 10 6.0 10 6.0 15 6.2 15 6.4 30 6.4 25 6.8 40 6.7 40 7.5 50 6.9 50 8.0 60 7.8 60 8.3 70～100 8.3 70～100 8.3 
下载: 导出CSV
-
AVOUAC J P, TAPPONNIER P, 1993. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 20(10): 895-898. doi: 10.1029/93GL00128
BIRD P, 1991. Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography in the isostatic limit[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 96(B6): 10275-10286. doi: 10.1029/91JB00370
BURCHFIEL B C, ROYDEN L H, VAN DER HILST R D, et al., 2008. A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China[J]. GSA Today, 18(7): 4-11. doi: 10.1130/GSATG18A.1
CHEN Q C, FENG C J, MENG W, et al., 2012. Analysis of in situ stress measurements at the northeastern section of the Longmenshan fault zone after the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 55(12): 3923-3932. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.005.(in Chinese with English abstract)
CHEN Z A, LIN B H, BAI W, et al., 2009. The mechanism of generation of May 12, 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(2): 408-417. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GC002590
DENG Q D, CHEN S F, ZHAO X L, 1994. Tectonics, scismisity and dynamics of Longmenshan mountains and its adjacent regions[J]. Seismology and Geology, 16(4): 389-403. (in Chinese) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ404.013.htm
DENG Q D, CHEN G H, ZHU A L, 2011. Discussion of rupture mechanisms on the seismogenic fault of the 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 54(9): 1360-1377. doi: 10.1007/s11430-011-4230-1.
DIAO F Q, WANG R J, WANG Y B, et al., 2018. Fault behavior and lower crustal rheology inferred from the first seven years of postseismic GPS data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 495: 202-212. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.05.020
DONG S W, ZHANG Y Q, LONG C X, et al., 2008. Surface rupture investigation of the Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake of May 12th, 2008, West Sichuan, and analysis of its occurrence setting[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 29(3): 392-396. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DU J J, CHEN Q C, MA Y S, et al., 2013. Faults activity and stress state in the northeast segment of Longmenshan faults zone[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 28(3): 1161-1170. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ201303006.htm
FENG C J, CHEN Q C, TAN C X, et al., 2013. Analysis on current in-situ stress state in northern segment of Longmenshan fault belt[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 28(3): 1109-1121. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/dqwlxjz201303002
FU Z, 2008. Viscoelastic LDDA method for contact problems and its applications to studies on mechanism of postseismic deformation[D]. Beijing: Peking University: 41-48. (in Chinese with English abstract)
GUO B, LIU Q Y, CHEN J H, et al., 2009. Teleseismic P-wave tomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshan area, west Sichuan[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(2): 346-355. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.oalib.com/paper/1569152
GUO X Y, GAO R, KELLER G R, et al., 2013. Imaging the crustal structure beneath the eastern Xizang Plateau and implications for the uplift of the Longmen Shan range[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 379: 72-80. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.005
HU C B, 2009. A new method to study earthquake triggering and continuous evolution of stress field[D]. Beijing: Peking University: 23-28. (in Chinese with English abstract)
HUA W, CHEN Z L, ZHENG S H, 2009. A study on segmentation characteristics of aftershock source parameters of Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake in 2008[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(2): 365-371. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.oalib.com/paper/1568370
HUANG X P, 2012. Relocation of earthquakes before and after Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and the study of focal mechanism[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology: 10. (in Chinese with English abstract)
HUANG Y T, ZHU J S, CAO J M, et al., 2012. Relocation of the epicentre before and after Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 34(3): 272-278. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-WTHT201203005.htm
HUANG Y, WU J P, ZHANG T Z, et al., 2008. Relocation of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershock sequence[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 51(12): 1703-1711. doi: 10.1007/s11430-008-0135-z.
JIA D, WEI G Q, CHEN Z X, et al., 2006. Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China: new insights from hydrocarbon exploration[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 90(9): 1425-1447. doi: 10.1306/03230605076
KING G C P, STEIN R S, LIN J, 1994. Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(3): 935-953. http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=ssabull&resid=84/3/935
KIRBY E, REINERS P W, KROL M A, et al., 2002. Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Xizang Plateau: Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th)/He thermochronology[J]. Tectonics, 21(1): 1001. doi: 10.1029/2000TC001246.
LEI J S, ZHAO D P, SU J R, et al., 2009. Fine seismic structure under the Longmenshan fault zone and the mechanism of the large Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(2): 339-345. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.oalib.com/paper/1568771
LI H B, WANG Z X, FU X F, et al., 2008. The surface rupture zone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake (MS8.0) happened on May 12th, 2008[J]. Geology in China, 35(5): 803-813. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/290491865_The_surface_rupture_zone_distribution_of_the_Wenchuan_earthquake_Ms80_happened_on_May_12th_2008
LI Y, ZHOU R J, DENSMORE A L, et al., 2006. Geomorphic evidence for the late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen mountain at the eastern margin of the Xizang Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 26(1): 40-51. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=21093649
LI Z Q, YUAN Y F, LI X L, et al., 2008. Preliminary research on the characteristics of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake hazard[J]. Seismology and Geology, 30(4): 855-876. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.oalib.com/paper/1553191
LIU C, ZHU B J, YANG X L, 2015. How does crustal shortening contribute to the uplift of the eastern margin of the Xizang Plateau?[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 98: 18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.10.037
LIU Q Y, LI Y, CHEN J H, et al., 2009. Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake: preliminary study of the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(2): 309-319. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.oalib.com/paper/1569196
MENG Q, 2020. The independent development of viscoelastic finite element program and its application on surface deformation and seismic migration under ice load[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences: 9-29. (in Chinese with English abstract)
MENG Q, HU C B, SHI Y L, 2020. The study of post-glacial rebound and stress evolution since the Last Ice Age in the northern North Sea of Norway by using viscoelastic finite element model[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 63(10): 3751-3763. doi: 10.6038/cjg2020N0382.(in Chinese with English abstract)
MENG W, CHEN Q C, WU M L, et al., 2013. Research on segmentation and characteristic of tectonic stress field of Longmenshan fault zone[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 28(3): 1150-1160. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ201303005.htm
QIN X H, CHEN Q C, TAN C X, et al., 2013. Analysis of current geostress state and seismic risk in southwest segment of Longmenshan fracture belt[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32(S1): 2870-2876. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yslxygcxb2013z1038
ROYDEN L H, BURCHFIEL B C, VAN DER HILST R D, 2008. The geological evolution of the Xizang Plateau[J]. Science, 321(5892): 1054-1058. doi: 10.1126/science.1155371.
SHEN Z K, SUN J B, ZHANG P Z, et al., 2009. Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2(10): 718-724. doi: 10.1038/NGEO636.
TAPPONNIER P, XU Z Q, RONGER F, et al., 2001. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Xizang plateau[J]. Science, 294(5547): 1671-1677. doi: 10.1126/science.105978.
TODA S, LIN J, MEGHRAOUI M, et al., 2008. 12 May 2008 M=7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake calculated to increase failure stress and seismicity rate on three major fault systems[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(17): L17305. doi: 10.1029/2008GL034903.
WANG M, 2009. Coseismic slip distribution of the 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake constrained using GPS cosesimic displacement field[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(10): 2519-2526. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.oalib.com/paper/1568022
WANG Q L, CUI D X, ZHANG X, et al., 2009. Coseismic vertical deformation of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from repeated levelings and its constraint on Listric fault geometry[J]. Earthquake Senccie, 22(6): 595-602. doi: 10.1007/s11589-009-0595-z.
WANG Q, QIAO X J, LAN Q G, et al., 2011. Rupture of deep faults in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and uplift of the Longmen Shan[J]. Nature Geoscience, 4(9): 634-640. doi: 10.1038/NGEO1210.
WANG T, MA Y S, LONG C X, et al., 2008. Fault activity of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China and seismic secondary geohazards[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 27(11): 1913-1922. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgqydz200811022
WANG W M, ZHAO L F, LI J, et al., 2008. Rupture process of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 51(5): 1403-1410. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/279613838_Rupture_process_of_the_MS_8.0_Wenchuan_earthquake_of_Sichuan_China
WEN X Z, ZHANG P Z, DU F, et al., 2009. The background of historical and modern seismic activities of the occurrence of the 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan, Sichuan, earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(2): 444-454. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/dqwlxb200902016
WU J, LU H S, LIU A W, 2008. Preliminary study on correlation between seismic intensity and earthquake source process in Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 3(3): 224-229. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZZFY200803004.htm
WU Z H, ZHANG Z C, 2008. Seismic deformation and co-seismic displacement of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 27(12): 2067-2075. (in Chinese with English abstract)
XU H H, LIU J Z, CAI Y E, 2002. Two dimensional numerical simulation of subduction of continental deep subduction[C]//Annual journal of Chinese geophysical society 2002, proceedings of the 18th annual meeting of the Chinese Geophysical Society. Beihai: Earthquake Press. (in Chinese)
XU Z Q, LI H B, WU Z L, 2008. Wenchuan earthquake and scientific drilling[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 82(12): 1613-1622. (in Chinese with English abstract)
YAN D P, SUN M, GONG L X, et al., 2020. Composite structure and growth of the Longmenshan foreland thrust belt in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 26(5): 615-633. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.054.(in Chinese with English abstract)
YI G X, LONG F, ZHANG Z W, 2012. Spatial and temporal variation of focal mechanisms for aftershocks of the 2008 MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 55(4): 1213-1227. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
YIN A, NIE S, 1996. A Phanerozoic palinspastic reconstruction of China and its neighboring regions[M]//YIN A, HARRISON M. The tectonic evolution of Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press: 442-485.
YIN L, LUO G, 2018. Crustal deformation across the Longmen Shan fault zone from finite element simulation of seismic cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 61(4): 1238-1257. doi: 10.6038/cjg2018L0248.(in Chinese with English abstract)
YIN X C, 2011. Solid Mechanics[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Seismological Press: 337-360. (in Chinese)
ZHANG G H, QU C Y, WANG C S, et al., 2010. Inversion of slip distribution of 2008 Wenchuan MW7.9 earthquake constrained jointly by InSAR and GPS measurements[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 30(4): 19-24. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201004006.htm
ZHAO G M, WU Z H, LIU J, 2020. The types, characteristics and mechanism of seismic migration[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 26(1): 13-32. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.01.002.(in Chinese with English abstract)
ZHU J S, 2008. The Wenchuan earthquake occurrence background in deep structure and dynamics of lithosphere[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 35(4): 348-356. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200804001.htm
ZHU S B, ZHANG P Z, 2013. FEM simulation of interseismic and coseismic deformation associated with the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. Tectonophysics, 584: 64-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.024
陈群策, 丰成君, 孟文, 等, 2012. 5.12汶川地震后龙门山断裂带东北段现今地应力测量结果分析[J]. 地球物理学报, 55(12): 3923-3932. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.005.
陈祖安, 林邦慧, 白武明, 等, 2009. 2008年汶川8.0级地震孕震机理研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(2): 409-417.
邓起东, 陈社发, 赵小麟, 1994. 龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J]. 地震地质, 16(4): 389-403.
邓起东, 陈桂华, 朱艾斓, 2011. 关于2008年汶川MS8.0地震震源断裂破裂机制几个问题的讨论[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 41(11): 1559-1576. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK201111002.htm
董树文, 张岳桥, 龙长兴, 等, 2008. 四川汶川MS 8.0地震地表破裂构造初步调查与发震背景分析[J]. 地球学报, 29(3): 392-396. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2008.03.013
杜建军, 陈群策, 马寅生, 等, 2013. 龙门山断裂带东北段地应力状态与断裂活动性研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(3): 1161-1170.
丰成君, 陈群策, 谭成轩, 等, 2013. 龙门山断裂带东北段现今地应力环境研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(3): 1109-1121.
付真, 2008. 接触问题的粘弹性LDDA方法及其在震后变形机制研究中的应用[D]. 北京: 北京大学: 41-48.
郭飚, 刘启元, 陈九辉, 等, 2009. 川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(2): 346-355.
胡才博, 2009. 研究地震触发和应力场连续演化的新方法[D]. 北京: 北京大学: 23-28.
华卫, 陈章立, 郑斯华, 2009. 2008年汶川8.0级地震序列震源参数分段特征的研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(2): 365-371.
黄晓萍, 2012. 汶川MS8.0级地震前后重新定位以及震源机制的研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学: 10.
黄玉婷, 朱介寿, 曹家敏, 等, 2012. 对汶川8.0级地震前后震源的重新定位[J]. 物探化探计算技术, 34(3): 272-278. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1749.2012.03.06
黄媛, 吴建平, 张天中, 等, 2008. 汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究[J]. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 38(10): 1242-1249. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-9267.2008.10.007
雷建设, 赵大鹏, 苏金蓉, 等, 2009. 龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(2): 339-345. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200902006.htm
李海兵, 王宗秀, 付小方, 等, 2008. 2008年5月12日汶川地震(MS8.0)地表破裂带的分布特征[J]. 中国地质, 35(5): 803-813. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2008.05.002
李勇, 周荣军, DENSMORE A L, 等, 2006. 青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J]. 第四纪研究, 26(1): 40-51. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2006.01.006
李志强, 袁一凡, 李晓丽, 等, 2008. 汶川MS 8.0特大地震破坏特征初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 30(4): 855-876. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2008.04.004
刘启元, 李昱, 陈九辉, 等, 2009. 汶川MS8.0地震: 地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(2): 309-319. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200902003.htm
孟秋, 2020. 黏弹性有限元程序自主开发及其在冰载荷作用下的地表变形和地震迁移的应用研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学: 9-29.
孟秋, 胡才博, 石耀霖, 2020. 利用黏弹性有限元模型研究挪威北海北部地区末次冰期以来的冰后回弹和应力演化[J]. 地球物理学报, 63(10): 3751-3763. doi: 10.6038/cjg2020N0382.
孟文, 陈群策, 吴满路, 等, 2013. 龙门山断裂带现今构造应力场特征及分段性研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(3): 1150-1160.
秦向辉, 陈群策, 谭成轩, 等, 2013. 龙门山断裂带西南段现今地应力状态与地震危险性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 32(S1): 2870-2876.
王敏, 2009. 基于GPS同震位移场约束反演2008年5.12汶川大地震破裂空间分布[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(10): 2519-2526. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.10.010
王涛, 马寅生, 龙长兴, 等, 2008. 四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J]. 地质通报, 27(11): 1913-1922. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2008.11.022
王卫民, 赵连锋, 李娟, 等, 2008. 四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J]. 地球物理学报, 51(5): 1403-1410. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.05.013
闻学泽, 张培震, 杜方, 等, 2009. 2008年汶川8.0级地震发生的历史与现今地震活动背景[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(2): 444-454. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200902017.htm
吴健, 吕红山, 刘爱文, 2008. 汶川地震烈度分布与震源过程相关性的初步研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 3(3): 224-229. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5722.2008.03.003
吴珍汉, 张作辰, 2008. 四川汶川MS 8.0级地震的地表变形与同震位移[J]. 地质通报, 27(12): 2067-2075. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2008.12.012
许鹤华, 刘金朝, 蔡永恩, 2002. 大陆深俯冲过程的二维数值模拟[C]//中国地球物理学会年刊2002: 中国地球物理学会第十八届年会论文集. 北海: 地震出版社.
许志琴, 李海兵, 吴忠良, 2008. 汶川地震和科学钻探[J]. 地质学报, 82(12): 1613-1622. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2008.12.001
颜丹平, 孙铭, 巩凌霄, 等, 2020. 青藏高原东缘龙门山前陆逆冲带复合结构与生长[J]. 地质力学学报, 26(5): 615-633. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.054.
易桂喜, 龙锋, 张致伟, 2012. 汶川MS8.0地震余震震源机制时空分布特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 55(4): 1213-1227. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.017.
尹力, 罗纲, 2018. 有限元数值模拟龙门山断裂带地震循环的地壳变形演化[J]. 地球物理学报, 61(4): 1238-1257. doi: 10.6038/cjg2018L0248.
尹祥础, 2011. 固体力学[M]. 2版. 北京: 地震出版社: 337-360.
张国宏, 屈春燕, 汪驰升, 等, 2010. 基于GPS和InSAR反演汶川MW7.9地震断层滑动分布[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 30(4): 19-24.
张勇, 冯万鹏, 许力生, 等, 2008. 2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程[J]. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 38(10): 1186-1194. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-9267.2008.10.002
赵根模, 吴中海, 刘杰, 2020. 地震迁移的类型、特征及机制讨论[J]. 地质力学学报, 26(1): 13-32. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.01.002.
朱介寿, 2008. 汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 35(4): 348-356. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2008.04.002
-
图(14)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2514
- PDF下载数: 126
- 施引文献: 0