The strong activities of the Namula fault zone in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis since Pliocene, constraints from thermochronological data
-
摘要:
为揭示东喜马拉雅构造结那木拉断裂带上新世以来强烈活动特征，对采集自那木拉断裂带的三件基岩样品进行黑云母40Ar/39Ar、磷灰石裂变径迹两种热年代学方法测年；并利用"Pecube"软件对测得年龄数据及断裂带两侧已发表年龄数据进行定量模拟计算。测试结果显示黑云母40Ar/39Ar年龄范围为4.44±0.71 Ma~3.45±0.24 Ma，磷灰石裂变径迹年龄范围为3.7±0.4 Ma~1.8±0.2 Ma。年龄数据及其模拟计算结果表明，约3 Ma以前那木拉断裂带南侧地壳隆升最快，隆升速率约2.5 km/Ma，断裂带以正断层运动特征为主；约3 Ma以来那木拉断裂带北侧地壳隆升最快，约为1.3 km/Ma，断裂带以逆断层运动特征为主。那木拉断裂带运动特征变化可能与约8 Ma以来东喜马拉雅构造结快速地壳隆升剥露区域由南向北逐渐迁移有关。
-
关键词:
- 那木拉断裂带 /
- 东喜马拉雅构造结 /
- 黑云母40Ar/39Ar /
- 磷灰石裂变径迹
Abstract:To reveal the strong activities of the Namula fault zone in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis since Pliocene, this paper reports biotite 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track ages of 3 rock samples from the Namula fault zone, and quantitatively interpret these ages and the published ages from the adjacent areas, using a modeling code "Pecube". Biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages range from 4.44±0.71 Ma to 3.45±0.24 Ma, and apatite fission track ages range from 3.7±0.4 Ma to 1.8±0.2 Ma. The ages and simulation results show that, prior to ~3 Ma the highest exhumation rate had been located in the south of the Namula fault zone and was about 2.5 km/Ma, and the Namula fault zone had a motion feature of normal fault; Since ~3 Ma the highest exhumation rate have been located in the north of the Namula fault zone and was about 1.3 km/Ma, and the Namula fault zone had a motion feature of thrust fault. The evolution of the Namula fault zone's motion, probably have resulted from the south to north migration of the fast crust exhumation area in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis since ~8 Ma.
-
-
表 1 样品信息及年龄结果
Table 1. Sample information and chronology data
样品编号 高程/m 经度E/(°) 纬度N/(°) 岩性 黑云母40Ar/39Ar测试结果 坪年龄/Ma 误差(2σ) MSWD 11DXG-13 4991 94.981 29.551 片麻岩 3.45 0.24 0.65 11DXG-15 4626 94.975 29.553 片麻岩 4.44 0.71 0.11 11DXG-16 4458 94.971 29.554 片麻岩 4.19 0.44 0.3 样品编号 磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果 测试颗粒 ρs (×105 cm-2)
(Ns)ρi (×105 cm-2)
(Ni)ρd (×105 cm-2)
(Nd)Pχ2/% 中值年龄/Ma 误差(1σ) 11DXG-13 34 0.266(93) 32.80(11455) 14.18(8264) 99.96 2.3 0.3 11DXG-15 53 0.286(149) 19.82(10326) 14.00(8264) 99.64 3.7 0.4 11DXG-16 65 0.367(314) 56.02(47891) 13.83(8264) 99.57 1.8 0.2 ρs为自发径迹密度，ρi为诱发径迹密度，ρd为标准径迹密度，Ns为自发径迹数，Ni为诱发径迹数，Nd为标准径迹数，Pχ2为检验概率；Zeta=393.5±27.5 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 那木拉断裂带区域热年代学年龄统计结果
Table 2. Thermochronology data from the Namula fault zone area
样品编号 经度(E) 纬度(N) 高程/m 黑云母40Ar/39Ar年龄/Ma 磷灰石裂变径迹年龄/Ma 数据来源 坪年龄 2σ误差 中值年龄 1σ误差 DXL-01 94.948° 29.488° 4233 4.5 0.9 3.6 0.4 Gong et al., 2015；Yu et al., 2011 DXL-02 94.956° 29.490° 4073 3.5 0.2 3.9 0.6 Gong et al., 2015；Yu et al., 2011 DXL-03 94.956° 29.486° 4038 3.1 0.2 4.6 0.6 Gong et al., 2015；Yu et al., 2011 11DXG-16 94.971° 29.554° 4458 4.19 0.44 1.8 0.2 文中 11DXG-15 94.985° 29.553° 4626 4.44 0.71 3.7 0.4 文中 11DXG-13 94.981° 29.551° 4991 3.45 0.24 2.3 0.3 文中 NB-14 94.986° 29.578° 4100 4.75 0.71 1.2 0.2 Tu et al., 2015 NB-13 94.996° 29.580° 4400 3.96 0.32 1.5 0.1 Tu et al., 2015 NB-12 94.999° 29.583° 4610 3.77 0.55 1.8 0.2 Tu et al., 2015
下载: 导出CSV
-
ALLÉGRE C J, COURTILLOT V, TAPPONNIER P, et al., 1984. Structure and evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet orogenic belt[J]. Nature, 307(5946): 17-22. doi: 10.1038/307017a0
BAI Y J, NI H Y, GE H, 2019. Advances in research on the geohazard effect of active faults on the southeastern margin of the tibetan plateau[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 25(6): 1116-1128. (in Chinese with English abstract)
BAKSI A K, ARCHIBALD D A, FARRAR E, 1996. Intercalibration of 40Ar/39Ar dating standards[J]. Chemical Geology, 129(3-4): 307-324. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00154-9
BOOTH A L, ZEITLER P K, KIDD W S F, et al., 2004. U-Pb zircon constraints on the tectonic evolution of southeastern Tibet, Namche Barwa area[J]. American Journal of Science, 304(10): 889-929. doi: 10.2475/ajs.304.10.889
BRACCIALI L, PARRISH R R, NAJMAN Y, et al., 2016. Plio-Pleistocene exhumation of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and its domal 'pop-up'[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 160: 350-385. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.010
BRAUN J, 2003. Pecube: a new finite-element code to solve the 3D heat transport equation including the effects of a time-varying, finite amplitude surface topography[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 29(6): 787-794.
BRAUN J, VAN DER BEEK P, VALLA P, et al., 2012. Quantifying rates of landscape evolution and tectonic processes by thermochronology and numerical modeling of crustal heat transport using PECUBE[J]. Tectonophysics, 524-525: 1-28. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.035
BURG J P, NIEVERGELT P, OBERLI F, et al., 1998. The Namche Barwa syntaxis: evidence for exhumation related to compressional crusta folding[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 16(2-3): 239-252. doi: 10.1016/S0743-9547(98)00002-6
CARSLAW H S, JAEGER J C, 1959. Conduction of heat in solids[M]. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
CHUNG S L, CHU M F, ZHANG Y Q, et al., 2005. Tibetan tectonic evolution inferred from spatial and temporal variations in post-collisional magmatism[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 68(3-4): 173-196.
CRAW D, KOONS P O, ZEITLER P K, et al., 2005. Fluid evolution and thermal structure in the rapidly exhuming gneiss complex of Namche Barwa-Gyala Peri, eastern Himalayan syntaxis[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 23(9): 829-845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00612.x
DING L, ZHONG D L, 1999. High pressure granulite facies metamorphism characteristics and tectonic geological significance in the Namche Barwa Region Tibet[J]. Science in China (Series D), 29(5): 385-397. (in Chinese)
DING L, ZHONG D L, YIN A, et al., 2001. Cenozoic structural and metamorphic evolution of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (Namche Barwa)[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 192(3): 423-438. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00463-0
GONG J F, JI J Q, ZHOU J, et al., 2015. Late Miocene thermal evolution of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis as constrained by biotite 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology[J]. The Journal of Geology, 123(4): 369-384. doi: 10.1086/682951
GOVIN G, VAN DER BEEK P, NAJMAN Y, et al., 2020. Early onset and late acceleration of rapid exhumation in the Namche Barwa syntaxis, eastern Himalaya[J]. Geology, 48(12): 1139-1143. doi: 10.1130/G47720.1
HERMAN F, BRAUN J, DUNLAP W J, 2007. Tectonomorphic scenarios in the Southern alps of New Zealand[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B4): B04201. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004JB003472/full
HERMAN F, COPELAND P, AVOUAC J P, et al., 2010. Exhumation, crustal deformation, and thermal structure of the Nepal Himalaya derived from the inversion of thermochronological and thermobarometric data and modeling of the topography[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115(B6): B06407. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195110001733
HURFORD A J, GREEN P F, 1983. The zeta age calibration of fission-track dating[J]. Chemical Geology, 41: 285-317. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(83)80026-6
HURFORD A J, 1990. Standardization of fission track dating calibration: Recommendation by the Fission Track Working Group of the I.U.G.S. Subcommission on Geochronology[J]. Chemical Geology, 80(2): 171-178. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168962290900258
KING G E, HERMAN F, GURALNIK B, 2016. Northward migration of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis revealed by OSL thermochronometry[J]. Science, 353(6301): 800-804. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2637
LAO X, 1995. On the formation of Yarlung Zangbo river fault zone[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 1(1): 53-59. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX501.009.htm
LEE H Y, CHUNG S L, WANG J R, et al., 2003. Miocene Jiali faulting and its implications for Tibetan tectonic evolution[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205(3-4): 185-194. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01040-3
LIU Y, ZHONG D, 1997. Petrology of high-pressure granulites from the eastern Himalayan syntaxis[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 15(4): 451-466. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00033.x
LIU Y, MASSONNE H J, SIEBEL W, et al., 2006. Geological aspects of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis: New constraints from structural, petrologic and zircon SHRIMP data[M]//SAKLANI P S. Himalaya: geological aspects, Vol. 4. New Delhi: Satish Serial Publishing House: 325-388.
STEIGER R H, JÄGER E, 1977. Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo-and cosmochronology[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3): 359-362. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(77)90060-7
TU J Y, JI J Q, SUN D X, et al., 2015. Thermal structure, rock exhumation, and glacial erosion of the Namche Barwa Peak, constraints from thermochronological data[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 105: 223-233. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.03.035
WEN D R, LIU D Y, CHUNG S L, et al., 2008. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the Gangdese Batholith and implications for Neotethyan subduction in southern Tibet[J]. Chemical Geology, 252(3-4): 191-201. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.003
XU Z Q, JI S C, CAI Z H, et al., 2012. Kinematics and dynamics of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis, eastern Himalaya: Constraints from deformation, fabrics and geochronology[J]. Gondwana Research, 21(1): 19-36. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2011.06.010
YANG R, HERMAN F, FELLIN M G, et al., 2018. Exhumation and topographic evolution of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis, eastern Himalaya[J]. Tectonophysics, 722: 43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2017.10.026
YIN A, HARRISON T M, 2000. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 28(1): 211-280. doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211
YIN A, 2006. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen as constrained by along-strike variation of structural geometry, exhumation history, and foreland sedimentation[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 76(1-2): 1-131. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.05.004
YU X J, JI J Q, GONG J F, et al., 2011. Evidences of rapid erosion driven by climate in the Yarlung Zangbo (Tsangpo) Great Canyon, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56(11): 1123-1130. doi: 10.1007/s11434-011-4419-x
ZEITLER P K, MELTZER A S, BROWN L, et al., 2014. Tectonics and topographic evolution of Namche Barwa and the easternmost Lhasa block, Tibet[M]//NIE J S, HORTON B K, HOKE G D. Toward an improved understanding of uplift mechanisms and the elevation history of the Tibetan Plateau. Boulder, Colorado: The Geological Society of America, 507: 23-58.
ZHANG J J, JI J Q, ZHONG D L, et al., 2004. Structural pattern of eastern Himalayan syntaxis in Namjagbarwa and its formation process[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 47(2): 138-150. doi: 10.1360/02yd0042
ZHANG J J, CHEN L, WANG J C, et al, 2018. Study of disaster-inducing geological conditions of collapse and landslide along Lulang-Tongmai in SE Tibet[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 24(4): 474-481. (in Chinese with English abstract)
ZHANG Z M, DONG X, SANTOSH M, et al., 2012. Petrology and geochronology of the Namche Barwa Complex in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, Tibet: constraints on the origin and evolution of the north-eastern margin of the Indian Craton[J]. Gondwana Research, 21(1): 123-137. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2011.02.002
ZHANG Z G, LIU Y H, WANG T W, et al., 1992. Geology of the Namche Barwa region[M]. Beijing: Chinese Science Press. (in Chinese)
ZHENG W J, ZHANG P Z, YUAN D Y, et al., 2019. Basic characteristics of active tectonics and associated geodynamic processes in continental China[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 25(5): 699-721. (in Chinese with English abstract) http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DZLX201905007.htm
ZHONG D L, DING L, 1995. High pressure granulite found in the Namche Barwa region Tibet[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 40(14): 1343. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/csb1995-40-14-1343
白永健, 倪化勇, 葛华, 2019. 青藏高原东南缘活动断裂地质灾害效应研究现状[J]. 地质力学学报, 25(6): 1116-1128. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20190613&journal_id=dzlxxb
丁林, 钟大赉, 1999. 西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区高压麻粒岩相变质作用特征及其构造地质意义[J]. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 29(5): 385-397. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK199905000.htm
劳雄, 1995. 雅鲁藏布江断裂带的形成[J]. 地质力学学报, 1(1): 53-59. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=19950108&journal_id=dzlxxb
张佳佳, 陈龙, 王军朝, 等, 2018. 藏东南鲁朗-通麦崩塌滑坡孕灾地质背景特征研究[J]. 地质力学学报, 24(4): 474-481. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180404&journal_id=dzlxxb
章振根, 刘玉海, 王天武, 等, 1992. 南迦巴瓦峰地区地质[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
郑文俊, 张培震, 袁道阳, 等, 2019. 中国大陆活动构造基本特征及其对区域动力过程的控制[J]. 地质力学学报, 25(5): 699-721. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20190506&journal_id=dzlxxb
钟大赉, 丁林, 1995. 西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区发现高压麻粒岩[J]. 科学通报, 40(14): 1343. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1995.14.029
-
图(7)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2396
- PDF下载数: 149
- 施引文献: 0