A study on the geochemical characteristics and metallogenesis of the Lanmugou gold deposit in the South Qinling Belt, Shaanxi, China
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摘要:
烂木沟金矿位于陕西省旬阳县境内，产于南秦岭石泉-神河构造岩片中，受黑虎庙脆-韧性剪切带控制。文章通过烂木沟金矿区域成矿背景、地质特征及矿床地球化学分析，初步探讨了烂木沟金矿床成因。烂木沟地区地层中黄铁矿微量元素Co含量为67.60×10-6~208.00×10-6，Ni含量108.00×10-6~585.00×10-6，稀土元素总量2.16×10-6~22.90×10-6，矿石黄铁矿中Co含量为317.00×10-6~751.00×10-6，Ni含量82.80×10-6~304.00×10-6，稀土元素总量4.04×10-6~51.74×10-6，矿石黄铁矿中δ34S值为9.9‰~12.9‰，均值11.27‰，矿石黄铁矿中铅同位素206Pb/204Pb值为18.560~20.206，207Pb/204Pb值为15.668~15.708，208Pb/204Pb值为38.257~38.860，地层黄铁矿中铅同位素206Pb/204Pb值为18.502~20.086，207Pb/204Pb值为15.644~15.788，208Pb/204Pb值为38.475~38.907，矿石中石英的δ18OV-SMOW值为13.5‰~15.9‰，均值为14.7‰，δDV-SMOW值为-77.8‰~-71.3‰，均值为-74.55‰，矿石中黄铁矿Re-Os等时线年龄202±12 Ma。结论认为烂木沟金矿成矿物质来源于地层中火山岩夹层，成矿流体为多来源，主体为建造水改造后的变质水。烂木沟金矿形成于晚三叠世末期—早侏罗世早期秦岭造山带碰撞后的伸展阶段，成矿流体充填于脆-韧性剪切带片理中，矿物沉淀富集，为造山型金矿。
Abstract:The Lanmugou gold deposit is located in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province, produced in the Indosinian Shiquan-Shenhe thrust nappe of the South Qinling, and controlled by the Heihumiao brittle-ductile shear zone. In this paper, via the analysis of the mineralization background, ore-controlling structure features and geochemical characteristics of the deposit, the preliminary conclusions on the geological characteristics and metallogenesis of the Lanmugou gold deposit have been obtained. Co content of pyrite in strata varies from 67.6×10-6 to 208×10-6, Ni content from 108×10-6 to 585×10-6, and the total amount of rare earth elements from 2.16×10-6 to 22.9×10-6. Simultaneously, Co content in hydrothermal pyrite varies from 317×10-6 to 751×10-6, Ni content from 82.8×10-6 to 304×10-6, and the total amount of rare earth elements from 4.04×10-6 to 51.74×10-6. δ34S value in hydrothermal pyrite ranges from 9.9‰ to 12.1‰, with the average value of 11.27‰. 206Pb/204Pb value of hydrothermal pyrite ranges from 18.560 to 20.206, 207Pb/204Pb value from 15.668 to 15.708, 208Pb/204Pb value from 38.257 to 38.860; 206Pb/204Pb value of pyrite in the strata ranges from 18.502 to 20.086, 207Pb/204Pb value from 15.644 to 15.788 and 208Pb/204Pb value from 38.475 to 38.907. δ18OV-SMOW value of quartz in ore ranges from 13.5‰ to 15.9‰, with the average value of 14.7‰, and the δDV-SMOW value ranges from -77.8‰ to -71.3‰, with the average value of -74.55‰. Re-Os isochron age of pyrite in the ore is 202±12 Ma. From the comprehensive studies, it is concluded that the source of ore-forming materials of the Lanmugou gold deposit is from the interlayer of volcanic rocks in strata, and the ore-forming fluids are multiple-sourced (basically metamorphic water derived from interlayer water, atmospheric precipitation). The inference of metallogenesis is that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids filled the lamellae of brittle-ductile shear zone and the minerals were precipitated and enriched in the extension stage after the collision of the Qinling orogenic belt at the end of the late Triassic-early Jurassic. The metallogenic characteristics show that the Lanmugou deposit is an orogenic gold deposit.
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Key words:
- South Qinling /
- Lanmugou /
- gold deposit /
- geologic characteristics /
- metallogenesis
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图 9 烂木沟金矿黄铁矿铅同位素构造模式图(据Zartman and Doe, 1981修改)
Figure 9.
图 11 石泉-旬阳金矿带成矿流体及旬阳地区地层流体δ18O-δD图解(据Taylor, 1997；陈岳龙等，2005修改)
Figure 11.
表 1 烂木沟金矿岩(矿)石黄铁矿微量、稀土元素含量及特征值(WB/×10-6)
Table 1. Contents and characteristic values of the trace and rare earth elements of pyrite in the rocks(ores) from the Lanmugou gold deposit(WB/×10-6)
样号 地层中黄铁矿 矿石中黄铁矿 ZX14125-1 ZX14125-2 ZX14126-2 ZX14129-1 ZX14131-1 ZX14132-1 ZX14073-1 ZX14073-2 ZX14073-3 ZX14073-6 ZX14070-11 ZX14070-12 Co 208.00 73.10 206.00 67.60 112.00 201.00 526.00 389.00 751.00 317.00 338.00 535.00 Ni 491.00 108.00 249.00 390.00 585.00 530.00 82.80 104.00 304.00 158.00 100.00 98.30 As 18.90 416.00 625.00 266.00 271.00 1048.00 174.00 160.00 103.00 101.00 102.00 66.20 Th 1.35 0.24 0.47 0.70 0.26 1.30 0.35 0.22 0.11 0.19 0.86 0.61 Y 0.53 2.97 0.50 1.48 0.44 4.53 1.50 3.15 1.62 4.40 8.54 4.19 Zr 44.50 10.80 7.82 8.60 10.50 14.10 35.50 34.90 43.50 27.00 76.00 116.00 Hf 1.46 0.25 0.21 0.27 0.22 0.40 1.02 1.00 1.14 0.82 2.03 3.11 Nb 5.83 0.38 0.61 0.50 0.33 2.95 0.81 1.61 2.62 3.00 4.85 2.49 Ta 0.39 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 <0.05 0.29 0.06 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.35 0.18 La 0.43 4.53 1.26 4.94 0.72 1.32 2.41 2.64 0.58 2.30 9.81 8.07 Ce 0.66 9.10 1.55 7.09 0.72 2.25 5.00 5.39 1.13 5.04 20.70 15.90 Pr 0.08 1.24 0.13 0.78 0.08 0.24 0.58 0.70 0.18 0.68 2.44 2.04 Nd 0.27 4.69 0.44 2.45 0.26 0.83 2.26 2.84 0.70 3.04 10.10 7.92 Sm 0.21 0.84 0.67 1.78 1.30 0.31 0.46 0.63 0.27 0.63 1.91 1.34 Eu 0.05 0.14 0.06 0.13 0.12 0.05 0.14 0.28 0.05 0.27 0.68 0.42 Gd 0.07 0.85 0.07 0.30 0.06 0.26 0.45 0.67 0.21 0.84 2.03 1.33 Tb 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.05 0.15 0.30 0.18 Dy 0.08 0.53 0.07 0.25 0.05 0.47 0.33 0.65 0.29 0.82 1.69 0.93 Ho 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.11 0.05 0.15 0.30 0.14 Er 0.06 0.32 0.05 0.17 <0.05 0.41 0.14 0.31 0.19 0.48 0.80 0.44 Tm 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.06 Yb 0.05 0.37 0.06 0.19 0.07 0.44 0.17 0.30 0.24 0.41 0.77 0.45 Lu 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.08 ΣREE 2.16 22.90 4.56 18.28 3.58 6.87 12.16 14.73 4.04 14.92 51.74 39.30 LREE 1.70 20.54 4.11 17.17 3.20 5.00 10.85 12.48 2.91 11.96 45.64 35.69 HREE 0.46 2.36 0.45 1.11 0.38 1.87 1.31 2.25 1.13 2.96 6.10 3.61 LREE/HREE 3.70 8.70 9.13 15.47 8.42 2.67 8.28 5.55 2.58 4.04 7.48 9.89 LaN/YbN 6.17 8.78 15.06 18.65 7.38 2.15 10.17 6.31 1.73 4.02 9.14 12.86 δEu 1.26 0.51 0.85 0.54 1.31 0.54 0.94 1.32 0.64 1.13 1.06 0.96 δCe 0.87 0.94 0.94 0.89 0.74 0.98 1.04 0.97 0.86 0.99 1.04 0.96 Co/Ni 0.42 0.68 0.83 0.17 0.19 0.38 6.35 3.74 2.47 2.01 3.38 5.44 
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表 2 石泉—旬阳金矿带中矿床矿石及地层中黄铁矿硫同位素组成
Table 2. Sulfur isotopic compositions of pyrites and pyrrhotite in the ores, deposits and strata from the Shiquan-Xunyang gold ore belt
矿床名称 样品号 矿物 δ34SV-CDT ‰ 样品描述 资料来源 烂木沟 ZX14070-11 黄铁矿 12.1 矿石 文中 烂木沟 ZX14070-12 黄铁矿 12.9 矿石 烂木沟 ZX14073-1 黄铁矿 10.7 矿石 烂木沟 ZX14073-2 黄铁矿 10.8 矿石 烂木沟 ZX14073-3 黄铁矿 9.9 矿石 烂木沟 ZX14073-6 黄铁矿 11.2 矿石 烂木沟 ZX14125-1 黄铁矿 16.1 炭质片岩 文中 烂木沟 ZX14125-2 黄铁矿 18.5 炭质片岩 烂木沟 ZX14125-3 黄铁矿 16.3 炭质粉砂质片岩 烂木沟 ZX14126-2 黄铁矿 20.7 变质石英砂岩 烂木沟 ZX14129-1 黄铁矿 18.4 粉砂质千枚岩 烂木沟 ZX14129-2 黄铁矿 14.4 含炭质千枚岩 烂木沟 ZX14131-1 黄铁矿 16.6 粉砂质板岩 烂木沟 ZX14132-1 黄铁矿 16.0 粉砂质板岩 烂木沟 ZX14135-1 黄铁矿 15.7 炭质板岩 羊坪湾 S-48 磁黄铁矿 7.5 磁黄铁矿沿岩石片理穿入 李福让等，2009 羊坪湾 S-48 黄铁矿 8.9 黄铁矿沿岩石片理穿入 羊坪湾 2076 磁黄铁矿 11.7 磁黄铁矿沿岩石片理穿入 羊坪湾 2053 黄铁矿 11.3 黄铁矿沿岩石片理穿入 羊坪湾 2102 黄铁矿 9.4 磁黄铁矿沿岩石片理及裂隙穿入
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表 3 烂木沟金矿床黄铁矿中铅同位素组成及特征
Table 3. Lead isotopic compositions in pyrites from the Lanmugou gold deposit
样品号 矿物 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204Pb Δβ Δγ ZX14070-11 矿石黄铁矿 20.206 15.668 38.257 22.63 29.68 ZX14070-12 矿石黄铁矿 19.345 15.683 38.693 23.61 41.42 ZX14073-1 矿石黄铁矿 19.066 15.669 38.716 22.70 42.04 ZX14073-2 矿石黄铁矿 19.581 15.693 38.600 24.27 38.91 ZX14073-3 矿石黄铁矿 18.927 15.678 38.860 23.29 45.91 ZX14073-6 矿石黄铁矿 18.560 15.708 38.624 25.24 39.56 ZX14125-1 地层黄铁矿 18.502 15.645 38.475 21.13 35.55 ZX14125-2 地层黄铁矿 18.566 15.714 38.649 25.64 40.23 ZX14125-3 地层黄铁矿 18.566 15.715 38.651 25.70 40.29 ZX14126-2 地层黄铁矿 18.595 15.644 38.782 21.07 43.81 ZX14129-1 地层黄铁矿 20.086 15.788 38.907 30.47 47.18 ZX14129-2 地层黄铁矿 20.083 15.778 38.891 29.81 46.75 ZX14132-1 地层黄铁矿 18.547 15.691 38.571 24.13 38.13 ZX14135-1 地层黄铁矿 18.700 15.667 38.720 22.57 42.14
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表 4 石泉—旬阳金矿带金矿床及旬阳地区志留系地层的氢氧同位素组成
Table 4. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in the Shiquan-Xunyang gold ore belt and the Silurian in the Xunyang area
矿床名称 样品编号 样品名称 δ18OV-SMOW/‰ δ18O水/‰ δDV-SMOW/‰ 资料来源 烂木沟 ZX14070-3 石英 13.5 1.91 -71.3 文中 烂木沟 ZX14070-10 石英 15.9 4.31 -77.8 羊坪湾 S-108 石英 12.5 5.03 -86 李福让等，2009 羊坪湾 S-118 石英 14.5 4.42 -81 羊坪湾 S-7 石英 14.6 2.96 -79 羊坪湾 S-127 石英 18.0 4.37 -66 羊坪湾 S-29 石英 17.8 4.61 -72 XGD-13 硅质岩 18.1 2.92 -68 刘淑文，2006 XG-53 硅质岩 17.8 0.71 -77 XG-81 硅质岩 18.7 9.61 -79 XG-82 硅质岩 18.6 7.99 -80 XN-29 硅质岩 19.9 12.65 -82 XND-32 硅质岩 18.5 5.33 -79 XGD-01 地层中脉石英 18.0 10.77 -81 XGD-03 地层中脉石英 17.8 0.71 -79
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表 5 烂木沟金矿矿石中的黄铁矿Re-Os同位素
Table 5. Re-Os isotopic compositions in pyrites from the Lanmugou gold deposit
序号 样品编号 Re/(ng/g) 普Os/(ng/g) 187Os/(ng/g) 187Re/188Os 187Os/188Os 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 1 ZX14073-1 1.1990 0.0090 0.0024 0.0000 0.0036 0.0000 2465.0 25.0 11.660 0.020 2 ZX14073-2 0.2137 0.0016 0.0012 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 857.9 9.5 5.835 0.026 3 ZX14073-5 6.6310 0.0490 0.0027 0.0000 0.0152 0.0001 11763.0 121.0 42.600 0.130 4 ZX14070-11 0.8030 0.0059 0.0025 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 1535.0 16.0 8.200 0.016 5 ZX14070-12 2.7630 0.0200 0.0047 0.0000 0.0072 0.0001 2842.0 29.0 11.710 0.020
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