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软弱层对逆冲构造变形的影响:有限元数值模拟研究

马佳, 何登发, 鲁国, 张伟康, 黄涵宇, 刘驰悦. 2025. 软弱层对逆冲构造变形的影响:有限元数值模拟研究. 地质力学学报, 31(3): 444-457. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024126
引用本文: 马佳, 何登发, 鲁国, 张伟康, 黄涵宇, 刘驰悦. 2025. 软弱层对逆冲构造变形的影响:有限元数值模拟研究. 地质力学学报, 31(3): 444-457. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024126
MA Jia, HE Dengfa, LU Guo, ZHANG Weikang, HUANG Hanyu, LIU Chiyue. 2025. The influence of weak layers on thrust structure deformation: A finite element numerical simulation study. Journal of Geomechanics, 31(3): 444-457. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024126
Citation: MA Jia, HE Dengfa, LU Guo, ZHANG Weikang, HUANG Hanyu, LIU Chiyue. 2025. The influence of weak layers on thrust structure deformation: A finite element numerical simulation study. Journal of Geomechanics, 31(3): 444-457. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024126

软弱层对逆冲构造变形的影响:有限元数值模拟研究

  • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目(42330810)
详细信息
    作者简介: 马佳(2000—),女,在读硕士,主要从事构造地质学研究。Email:majia5057@163.com
    通讯作者: 何登发(1967—),男,博士,教授,主要从事构造地质学与石油地质学研究。Email:hedengfa282@263.net
  • 中图分类号: P553;P554

The influence of weak layers on thrust structure deformation: A finite element numerical simulation study

  • Fund Project: This research is financially supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42330810).
More Information
  • 软弱层作为沉积盆地中普遍存在的关键构造单元,以低剪切强度、低杨氏模量及显著的塑性流变行为为特征,在构造变形中扮演应力调节与应变分异的角色。四川盆地东南(川东南)地区良村、焦石坝及长宁等地的地震反射剖面显示,在深部逆冲断裂系统上覆层序普遍发育区域性软弱层。为揭示软弱层对逆冲构造变形的动力学控制机制,选取典型的转折断层作为先存断裂构造,设计有/无软弱层的对照试验,采用有限元方法在侧向挤压的条件下进行数值模拟。通过对比分析2组模型的模拟结果,系统研究软弱层在构造运动过程中对构造变形的控制机制,并重点探讨软弱层厚度对上/下构造变形的影响。研究结果表明:软弱层是引发构造分层变形的重要因素,在侧向挤压条件下,软弱层发生塑性流动并伴随局部的增厚与减薄,其对下伏构造变形与应力应变具有显著的吸收作用,从而以软弱层为界产生上/下构造分层差异变形与应力应变解耦的现象;软弱层厚度是控制变形样式的关键参数,软弱层越厚,其上覆褶皱半波波长越长,两翼倾角越平缓,隆升幅度越小,下伏褶皱半波波长越短,两翼倾角越陡倾,隆升幅度越大,分层变形的特征越明显;软弱层越薄,其上/下构造变形越一致。研究成果可为与川东南地区良村、焦石坝以及长宁等具有相同地层特征的地区的构造变形解析与动力学分析提供较好的参考依据。

  • 加载中
  • 图 1  中国三大克拉通盆地的地层柱状图(据何登发,2022修改)

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  断层转折褶皱几何学与运动学模型(据Suppe,1983修改)

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  地质模型与边界条件图

    Figure 3. 

    图 4  模型网格划分图

    Figure 4. 

    图 5  模型1、模型2的几何演化与最大主应力分布图

    Figure 5. 

    图 6  模型1、模型2的褶皱几何参数与等效塑性应变分布图

    Figure 6. 

    图 7  模型1与模型2隆升量曲线图

    Figure 7. 

    图 8  不同厚度软弱层应力−应变分布及位移分布图

    Figure 8. 

    图 9  软弱层控制构造变形实例

    Figure 9. 

    表 1  模型1的岩石力学参数设置表

    Table 1.  Rock mechanical parameters for Model 1

    密度/(kg/m3 杨氏模量/GPa 泊松比 内摩擦角/(°) 黏聚力/MPa 剪胀角/(°)
    第1层 2500 55 0.25 23.47 45.00 12.81
    第2层 2500 25 0.35 21.28 42.78 10.08
    第3层 2500 36 0.33 15.47 39.85 9.25
    第4层 2500 27 0.31 13.81 40.39 8.71
    第5层 2500 37 0.35 11.72 38.46 7.68
    第6层 2500 30 0.32 17.51 41.26 8.49
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  模型2的岩石力学参数设置表

    Table 2.  Rock mechanical parameters for Model 2

    密度/(kg/m3 杨氏模量/GPa 泊松比 内摩擦角/(°) 黏聚力/MPa 剪胀角/(°)
    第1层 2500 55 0.25 23.47 45.00 12.81
    第2层 2500 25 0.35 21.28 42.78 10.08
    第3层 2500 36 0.33 15.47 39.85 9.25
    第4层 2500 27 0.31 13.81 40.39 8.71
    第5层 2300 5 0.35 9.63 1.43 6.37
    第6层 2500 30 0.32 17.51 41.26 8.49
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  模型1、模型2的褶皱几何参数表

    Table 3.  Geometric parameters of folds for Model 1 and Model 2

    模型 角标 w/m A/m γ/(°) F/(°) β/(°)
    模型111289.92114.71150.4312.8816.69
    21291.10117.74147.6614.2118.13
    模型232229.9633.89171.393.974.64
    41121.23125.02142.1617.2620.58
    注:w—半波长;A—褶皱幅度;γ—翼间角;β—前翼倾角;F—后翼倾角
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  不同厚度软弱层模型第4层与第6层几何参数表

    Table 4.  Geometric parameters of Layer 4 and Layer 6 in models with weak layers of varying thicknesses

    软弱层厚度/m 层数 w/m A/m F/(°) β/(°)
    70 m第4层1584.596.6413.8823.14
    第6层2501.577.456.107.45
    150 m第4层1622.599.7914.2923.78
    第6层2742.671.705.917.16
    200 m第4层1630.8102.5715.5824.60
    第6层3017.469.065.776.68
    注:w—半波长;A—褶皱幅度;β—前翼倾角;F—后翼倾角
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
收稿日期:  2024-11-19
修回日期:  2025-04-22
录用日期:  2025-04-27
网络出版日期:  2025-05-19
刊出日期:  2025-06-28

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