Crustal anatexis and ductile superimposition in the Culai Mountain region, western Shandong Province: Constraints on the Neoarchean tectonic framework of the eastern North China Craton
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摘要:
鲁西位于华北克拉通东部，是太古宙基底典型分布区域之一，且整体呈北西—南东向带状展布。该地区不仅保留了新太古代不同阶段、不同类型的岩浆作用记录，同时保存了丰富的深熔−流变构造及韧性变形叠加记录，对深入了解华北克拉通该时期构造演化历史具有重要意义。徂徕山地区位于鲁西构造带中部（B带），深熔作用和韧性变形均十分发育，是深入认识鲁西地壳深熔作用及叠加变形的最佳场所。因此，选择该地区黄石崖村典型露头的混合岩作为研究对象，通过系统的野外构造解析、室内岩相学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析，进而限定新太古代晚期深熔作用和韧性变形的时空耦合关系及其构造演化。野外观察显示该地区构造线整体呈北西—南东向展布，斜长角闪岩中发育大量长英质熔体，主要沿其面理呈条带状展布，少数呈网脉状或浸染状，揉流褶皱发育。岩相学观察可见石英颗粒沿着受到侵蚀的钾长石和斜长石的不规则边界分布，含有小熔体囊、串珠状石英和熔体膜。二者综合指示该区发生强烈深熔作用，且新生的熔体降低了整体的岩石强度，令其更容易受到后期韧性变形的叠加。同时，北东—南西向水平挤压应力又进一步促进了区域北西—南东向伸展，与斜长角闪岩形成一致的近直立面理和近水平矿物拉伸线理，显示出区域水平向近压扁型应变为主导的变形特征。为限定区域变形时代，文章选取该区域典型的残留体−熔体−脉体开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试。结果显示，残留相斜长角闪岩的熔体结晶年龄为~2503 Ma，代表了区域深熔作用的时代。同构造二长花岗岩获得了~2497 Ma的结晶年龄，代表了区域同构造岩浆事件的时代，而未变形的伟晶岩脉体形成于~2465 Ma，进而限定了区域韧性变形时代为2497~2465 Ma。综上所述，鲁西在新太古代晚期经历了强烈的深熔作用，并快速叠加了北东—南西水平向挤压应力场下以近压扁型应变为主的变形，深熔作用又促进了北西—南东向伸展韧性变形的发育。二者时空上密切协同作用，最终造就了鲁西地区新太古代地壳构造变形样式。
Abstract:Objective Western Shandong is located in the core area of the eastern North China Craton and represents a typical Archean basement exposure. It extends as an overall NW–SE trending linear belt. This area preserves not only multiple phases of magmatic records spanning the early to late Neoarchean but also abundant anatectic–rheological structures overprinted by ductile deformation fabrics. These features are of great significance for understanding the Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the North China Craton. The Culai Mountain region is one of the most promising areas for such geological studies. Situated in the core of the tectonic belt (Belt B) of western Shandong, it is characterized by well-developed anatexis and ductile deformation. This makes it an ideal location for investigating the spatial and temporal relationships between crustal anatexis and ductile deformation.
Methods In this study, we selected a representative migmatite outcrop at the Huangshiya Village and conducted systematic field structural analyses, petrographic observations, and LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb geochronology.
Results Field observations show that the structural lineaments in this region exhibit an overall NW–SE orientation. Numerous felsic melts developed within the amphibolites, mainly as bands along the foliation, with a few occurring in a network-like or disseminated pattern. Flow folds are well-developed. Petrographic observations demonstrate that quartz grains are distributed along the irregular, corroded boundaries of K-feldspar and plagioclase, containing small melt pockets, bead-like quartzs, and melt films. These features collectively indicate intense anatexis in the region. The newly generated melts reduced the overall rock strength, making it more susceptible to subsequent ductile deformation. Concurrently, NE–SW-oriented horizontal compressive stress further promoted NW–SE regional extension, consistent with the nearly vertical foliation and sub-horizontal mineral stretching lineations observed in the amphibolite. This suggests a deformation regime dominated by near-oblate strain. To constrain the timing of the regional deformation, we conducted LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating on representative pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic samples of the area. The results indicate that the residual amphibolite records a melt crystallization age of ~2503 Ma, representing the timing of the regional anatexis event. The syn-tectonic monzogranite yields a crystallization age of ~2497 Ma, reflecting a syn-tectonic magmatic event, while the undeformed pegmatite veins formed at ~2465 Ma, bracketing the regional ductile deformation at 2497-2465 Ma.
Conclusion In summary, the western Shandong region experienced intense anatexis in the late Neoarchean, which was rapidly overprinted by near-oblate strain-dominated shortening deformation under NE–SW-oriented horizontal compressive stress. The anatexis further facilitated the development of NW–SE-directed ductile deformation. The superimposition of these two events ultimately shaped the structural pattern of the Neoarchean crust of the western Shandong region. [Significance] This study provides new constraints that improve the understanding of the Neoarchean tectonic framework and structural patterns of the western Shandong region.
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Key words:
- North China Craton /
- western Shandong /
- Culai Mountain /
- Late Neoarchean /
- anatexis /
- ductile deformation
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