Mineralogical characteristics of the Late Cretaceous Qianjia pluton from southwestern Hainan Island and their constraints on petrogenesis
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摘要:
千家岩体为海南岛典型的晚白垩世早期花岗质杂岩体，岩石类型主要有花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩及正长花岗岩，常见造岩矿物有黑云母、角闪石、斜长石、碱性长石、石英等。为进一步揭示岩石形成过程及源区性质，反演壳幔相互作用，本文选取千家岩体，利用电子探针技术对不同岩石类型中的主要矿物进行了矿物化学分析。结果显示，角闪石、黑云母均属于壳幔混源成因，斜长石发育正反环带及振荡环带，记录了岩浆混合作用的影响。镜下观察发现，千家岩体各类岩石中存在大量的岩浆不平衡结构，如斜长石和角闪石的环带结构，针状产出的磷灰石，以及斜长石、钾长石和石英的嵌晶结构等，结合暗色微粒包体的分布组合及形态特征，认为千家岩体形成中经历了岩浆混合作用。综合来说，岩石及矿物化学证据均表明，岩浆混合作用是研究区岩石形成的主因，矿物学证据表明，千家岩体岩石类型为I型花岗岩，其源区属钙碱性岩浆，黑云母矿物化学数据表明岩石形成环境为相对较低的氧逸度。
Abstract:The Qianjia granitoid pluton is a typical granitic complex in Hainan Island during the Late Cretaceous. The complex consists of three major rock types, i.e., granodiorite, monzogranite and syenogranite. The mineral assemblages commonly composed of biotite,hornblende, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, and quartz. To further reveal the processes of rock formation and the characteristics of their source regions, as well as to infer crust-mantle interactions, this paper selects the Qianjia pluton and utilizes electron microprobe to analyze major elements of major minerals in different rock types. The results show that hornblendes and biotites are likely originated from crust-mantle mixing, and annulus zoned plagioclase may represent a magmatic activity. Microscpic identification shows a large number of magma unbalanced structures occur in the Qianjia pluton, such as embedded crystal structure of plagioclases and hornblendes, and acicular apatites, These phenomena indicate a mixing process for generation of the Qianjia composite magma combines mineral assemblages and morphological characteristics of the enclaves. As a result, the petrological and mineralogical data indicate a crust-mantle mixing generation for the Qianjia granitic complex, the mineralogical data also shows similar characteristic to I-type granites with calc-alkaline magma source, biotites formed in a low oxygen fugacity environment.
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图 2 钙质角闪石分类图解（据Leake et al., 1997）
Figure 2.
图 3 黑云母Mg−(AlⅥ+Fe3++Ti)−(Fe2++Mn)分类图解（据Foster, 1960 ）
Figure 3.
图 4 斜长石分类图解（据Deer, 1992）
Figure 4.
图 5 碱性长石分类图解（底图据Deer, 1992）
Figure 5.
图 12 黑云母组成与氧缓冲剂相关图解（据Wones et al., 1965）
Figure 12.
表 1 角闪石电子探针数据
Table 1. Electron microprobe analyses of the amphiboles
% 元素 花岗闪长岩 二长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 MME（暗色微粒包体） 12LD02-2 12HN03-1 12HN03-2 12LD06-2 12LD07-1 12LD09-2 12HN17-1 12HN12-1 12HN03-3 12HN17-2 12HN17-4 SiO2 46.31 51.66 45.01 42.33 53.45 48.46 49.79 50.91 47.23 50.41 52.52 TiO2 1.18 0.50 0.28 2.31 1.03 0.55 1.90 0.27 0.83 1.70 0.17 Al2O3 7.32 4.88 7.34 9.30 2.73 5.19 5.29 4.43 7.81 3.82 2.97 Cr2O3 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 TFeO 14.49 12.30 18.87 21.23 10.22 13.91 12.60 12.46 17.13 11.77 12.97 MnO 0.38 0.30 0.51 0.45 0.38 1.12 0.67 0.38 0.36 0.63 0.57 MgO 14.01 15.73 11.25 6.57 16.72 14.84 13.61 15.78 11.88 15.30 15.64 CaO 11.61 11.64 12.69 12.63 13.12 11.52 12.48 12.93 11.46 13.06 11.97 Na2O 1.46 0.56 1.19 1.38 0.49 1.43 0.98 0.79 0.89 0.85 0.64 K2O 0.76 0.34 0.74 1.42 0.14 0.52 0.53 0.37 0.58 0.24 0.16 总计 97.54 97.92 97.87 97.61 98.27 97.56 97.86 98.32 98.18 97.77 97.60 SiT* 6.74 7.39 6.65 6.49 7.58 7.03 7.24 7.26 6.91 7.26 7.56 AlT 1.26 0.61 1.28 1.51 0.42 0.89 0.76 0.74 1.09 0.65 0.44 AlC 0 0.22 0 0.17 0.04 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.25 0 0.06 Fe3+C 0.86 0.22 1.23 0.53 0.13 0.84 0.10 0.61 0.54 0.42 0.31 TiC 0.13 0.05 0.03 0.27 0.11 0.06 0.21 0.03 0.09 0.18 0.02 MgC 3.04 3.36 2.48 1.50 3.53 3.21 2.95 3.35 2.59 3.28 3.36 Fe2+C 0.91 1.15 1.10 2.20 1.08 0.85 1.43 0.87 1.52 0.99 1.25 MnC 0.05 0 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.05 0 0.08 0.00 Fe2+B 0 0.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 MnB 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.07 CaB 1.81 1.79 2.01 2.07 1.99 1.79 1.94 1.97 1.80 2.00 1.84 NaB 0.19 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.13 0.00 0.09 CaA 0 0 0.01 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 NaA 0.22 0.08 0.34 0.41 0.13 0.28 0.22 0.19 0.12 0.24 0.09 KA 0.14 0.06 0.14 0.28 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.04 0.03 Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) 0.77 0.73 0.69 0.41 0.77 0.79 0.67 0.79 0.63 0.77 0.73 
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表 2 黑云母电子探针数据
Table 2. Electron microprobe analyses of the biotites
% 元素 花岗闪长岩 二长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 MME 12LD02-2 12HN03-1 12LD06-1 12LD06-2 12LD09-2 12HN17-1 12HN18-1 12HN18-2 12HN11-1 12HN11-1 12HN11-2 12HN11-2 12HN12-1 12HN17-4 SiO2 37.08 38.16 35.63 36.89 36.61 37.91 36.50 36.62 26.97 33.34 31.18 30.78 29.83 37.67 TiO2 3.96 2.05 3.31 2.03 3.41 1.17 3.30 2.70 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.00 1.80 Al2O3 13.76 14.93 14.15 14.57 13.79 14.08 15.06 15.46 20.45 17.30 20.39 20.44 17.00 13.86 Cr2O3 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 TFeO 17.67 18.09 23.39 25.37 16.65 18.98 18.40 17.25 25.43 19.99 24.84 25.24 19.68 17.88 MnO 0.19 0.20 0.45 0.29 0.45 0.09 0.64 0.33 2.24 1.79 1.61 1.34 0.32 0.14 MgO 13.25 13.41 9.15 7.72 14.27 13.18 12.09 13.28 13.41 12.68 9.24 9.15 21.03 13.30 CaO 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.30 0.29 0.26 0.04 0.00 Na2O 0.11 0.03 0.20 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.28 0.16 0.14 0.03 0.10 K2O 9.31 8.88 8.95 9.37 9.57 9.54 9.89 9.71 0.06 1.46 0.24 0.22 0.02 9.62 总计 95.32 95.79 95.30 96.35 94.87 95.16 95.96 95.50 88.80 87.29 88.07 87.60 87.94 94.37 Si4+ 5.58 5.67 5.52 5.68 5.54 5.74 5.51 5.50 4.40 5.33 5.01 4.98 4.72 5.73 AlⅣ 2.42 2.33 2.48 2.32 2.46 2.26 2.49 2.50 3.60 2.67 2.99 3.02 3.17 2.27 Fe3+ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 T-site 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 AlⅥ 0.02 0.29 0.11 0.32 0.00 0.26 0.18 0.24 0.33 0.59 0.87 0.87 0.00 0.22 Ti4+ 0.45 0.23 0.39 0.24 0.39 0.13 0.37 0.31 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.21 Fe3+ 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.38 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.43 0.48 0.59 0.59 0.23 0.28 Fe2+ 1.90 1.92 2.68 2.89 1.85 2.15 2.03 1.90 3.04 2.19 2.75 2.82 2.27 2.00 Mn4+ 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.08 0.04 0.31 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.04 0.02 Mg2+ 2.97 2.97 2.11 1.77 3.22 2.98 2.72 2.98 3.26 3.02 2.21 2.21 4.97 3.02 M-site 5.68 5.77 5.70 5.64 5.77 5.78 5.67 5.73 7.38 6.53 6.65 6.68 7.51 5.73 Na2+ 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.03 K+ 1.79 1.68 1.77 1.84 1.85 1.84 1.90 1.86 0.01 0.30 0.05 0.04 0.00 1.87 A-site 1.82 1.69 1.83 1.86 1.88 1.89 1.93 1.91 0.01 0.38 0.10 0.09 0.01 1.89 Mg# 0.61 0.61 0.44 0.38 0.63 0.58 0.56 0.60 0.49 0.55 0.43 0.42 0.68 0.60 Fe2+/(Fe2++
Mg2+)0.39 0.39 0.56 0.62 0.36 0.42 0.43 0.39 0.48 0.42 0.55 0.56 0.31 0.40 Mg/(Mg+
FeT)0.57 0.57 0.41 0.35 0.60 0.55 0.54 0.58 0.48 0.53 0.40 0.39 0.66 0.57 Fe3+ 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.38 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.43 0.48 0.59 0.59 0.33 0.28 AlⅥ+Fe3++Ti 0.79 0.85 0.84 0.94 0.64 0.64 0.84 0.81 0.77 1.07 1.47 1.47 0.33 0.70 Fe2++Mn 1.93 1.94 2.74 2.93 1.91 2.16 2.11 1.95 3.35 2.43 2.97 3.00 2.31 2.02
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表 3 花岗闪长岩和暗色微粒包体（MME）斜长石电子探针数据
Table 3. Electron microprobe analyses of the plagioclases in granodiorites and MMEs
% 元素 花岗闪长岩环带 暗色微粒包体 12LD02-2 12HN03-2 12HN17-2 12HN17-4 边部 中部 核部 边部 中部 核部 中部 核部 边部 中部 核部 核部 SiO2 59.21 55.97 53.60 59.02 58.23 56.92 56.52 57.31 57.73 55.36 58.35 56.93 TiO2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Al2O3 26.09 27.77 29.04 25.71 26.09 27.33 26.85 26.86 26.52 28.47 26.07 27.50 Cr2O3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.03 TFeO 0.22 0.15 0.20 0.19 0.27 0.18 0.23 0.27 0.20 0.23 0.15 0.23 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 MgO 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 CaO 7.19 9.38 12.05 8.23 8.69 8.89 9.63 9.14 8.00 10.01 6.60 8.11 Na2O 7.81 6.55 5.30 7.35 6.94 6.88 6.81 7.15 7.42 6.34 7.95 6.90 K2O 0.31 0.19 0.15 0.37 0.40 0.23 0.18 0.22 0.20 0.15 0.42 0.19 总计 100.84 100.01 100.37 100.93 100.72 100.45 100.23 100.96 100.14 100.56 99.56 99.88 Si 2.63 2.52 2.42 2.62 2.60 2.55 2.54 2.56 2.59 2.48 2.62 2.56 Ti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Al 1.36 1.47 1.55 1.35 1.37 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.50 1.38 1.45 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fe2+ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fe3+ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Mn 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ca 0.34 0.45 0.58 0.39 0.42 0.43 0.46 0.44 0.38 0.48 0.32 0.39 Na 0.67 0.57 0.46 0.63 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.62 0.64 0.55 0.69 0.60 K 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 Ba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ni 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 总计 5.03 5.03 5.04 5.03 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.02 An 33 44 55 37 40 41 43 41 37 46 31 39 Ab 65 55 44 61 58 58 56 58 62 53 67 60 Or 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
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表 4 二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩斜长石电子探针数据
Table 4. Electron microprobe analyses of the plagioclases in monzonitic granites and syenogranites
% 元素 二长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 12LD09-2 12LD10-1 12LD10-2 12HN18-1 12HN12-1 边部 中部 核部 边部 中部 核部 边部 中部 核部 边部 中部 核部 边部 中部 核部 SiO2 63.06 60.10 60.59 59.59 60.61 61.40 61.08 60.13 60.50 57.44 57.54 57.73 57.96 60.56 60.70 TiO2 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 Al2O3 24.29 25.32 25.28 25.12 24.97 24.97 24.61 24.83 25.00 26.93 26.53 26.40 25.76 25.04 24.80 Cr2O3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 FeOT 0.09 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.21 0.25 0.14 0.22 0.20 0.11 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.15 0.12 MnO 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 MgO 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 CaO 4.42 6.00 5.95 6.76 6.90 6.24 4.73 6.05 5.95 8.13 8.02 7.81 8.10 6.44 6.75 Na2O 8.10 7.70 7.65 7.90 7.44 7.73 8.67 7.75 7.52 7.03 7.25 7.01 7.16 7.97 8.18 K2O 0.40 0.49 0.48 0.50 0.36 0.49 0.29 0.58 0.54 0.20 0.24 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.26 总计 100.37 99.76 100.16 100.14 100.48 101.11 99.64 99.60 99.72 99.90 99.65 99.41 99.49 100.53 100.84 Si 2.77 2.68 2.69 2.66 2.69 2.70 2.72 2.69 2.70 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.69 2.69 Ti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Al 1.26 1.33 1.32 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.29 1.31 1.31 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.37 1.31 1.29 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fe2+ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fe3+ 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mn 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ca 0.21 0.29 0.28 0.32 0.33 0.29 0.23 0.29 0.28 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.31 0.32 Na 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.68 0.64 0.66 0.75 0.67 0.65 0.61 0.63 0.61 0.63 0.68 0.70 K 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 Ba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ni 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 总计 4.95 5.00 4.99 5.03 4.99 4.99 5.01 5.00 4.98 5.02 5.03 5.01 5.02 5.01 5.02 An 23 29 29 31 33 30 23 29 29 39 37 37 38 30 31 Ab 75 68 68 66 65 67 76 68 67 60 61 61 60 68 68 Or 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 1
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表 5 碱性长石电子探针数据
Table 5. Electron microprobe analyses of the alkali feldspars
% 元素 花岗闪长岩 二长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 MME 12LD02-2 12HN03-2 12LD06-1 12LD06-1 12LD07-1 12LD07-1 12HN11-1 12HN11-2 12HN12-1 12HN17-4 SiO2 64.52 65.03 64.62 64.31 64.24 63.75 64.16 64.01 65.82 65.12 TiO2 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Al2O3 19.39 18.76 19.32 19.49 19.27 19.40 19.53 18.99 18.44 19.30 Cr2O3 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TFeO 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.06 MnO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 MgO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CaO 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 Na2O 1.04 1.48 1.19 1.28 1.16 0.97 0.68 1.05 0.84 0.95 K2O 15.23 14.57 15.13 14.80 14.37 15.65 16.05 15.60 15.41 15.39 总计 100.3 99.99 100.4 99.96 99.17 99.80 100.5 99.69 100.6 100.8 An 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ab 9 13 11 12 11 9 6 9 8 9 Or 91 87 89 88 89 91 94 91 92 91
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