Spatio-temporal variation of soil conservation in the upper reaches of the Tarim River Basin based on RUSLE model
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摘要:
新疆塔里木河流域是中国重点生态保护区，流域土壤保持量的研究有利于水土保持功能区划和水土保持治理措施布局，对于区域生态修复与维护有重要作用。以塔里木河流域上游区为研究对象，基于该区域2000—2020年的降雨、土壤、地形等数据，采用修正通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE模型），估算2000—2020年流域土壤在水力侵蚀下的土壤侵蚀量和土壤保持量，分析其时空变化规律，并就土壤保持对其影响因子的敏感性展开分析。结果表明：流域以微度和轻度土壤侵蚀为主，在2000—2020年的土壤侵蚀面积总体呈减少趋势；土壤保持空间分布呈现中间高、四周低格局，且2000—2020年的土壤保持强度在一定程度上得到增强；降雨、地形和土地利用是土壤保持变化的主要驱动因子，且土壤保持能力随着降水量和植被覆盖总体呈现梯度增长趋势。评价结果揭示了研究区土壤保持时空分布特征，以及土壤保持对驱动因子的敏感性，可为流域水土侵蚀防治和生态修护提供指导依据。
Abstract:The Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang is a key ecological reserve in China, and the study of soil conservation in the basin is beneficial to the functional zoning of soil and water conservation and the layout of soil and water conservation management measures, and plays an important role in regional ecological restoration and maintenance. Based on the rainfall, soil and topography data of the upper Tarim River Basin from 2000 to 2020, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE model) is used to estimate the soil erosion and soil conservation of the watershed soils under hydraulic erosion from 2000 to 2020, analyse their spatial and temporal variation patterns, and conduct a sensitivity analysis on the soil conservation to its influencing factors. The results show that soil erosion and soil retention in the basin are characterised by micro- and micro-erosion. The results show that: soil erosion in the watershed is mainly slight and mild, and the area of soil erosion is generally decreasing from 2000 to 2020; the spatial distribution of soil conservation shows a pattern of high in the middle and low in the surroundings, and the intensity of soil conservation is enhanced to a certain extent from 2000 to 2020; rainfall, topography and land use are the main driving factors of soil conservation changes, and the soil conservation capacity is increasing with the amount of The results of the evaluation reveal that the soil conservation capacity of the study area is increasing in a gradient with the amount of precipitation and vegetation cover in general. The evaluation results reveal the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil conservation in the study area, as well as the sensitivity of soil conservation to the driving factors, and the results of the study can provide guidance for the control of soil erosion and ecological conservation in the watershed.
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Key words:
- RUSLE rnodel /
- soil conservation /
- driving force /
- spatiotemporal pattern /
- Tarim River Basin
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表 1 研究区不同土壤侵蚀强度面积变化量
Table 1. The variation of area of different soil erosion intensity in the study area
km² 时段 微度 轻度 中度 强烈 极强烈 2000—2010年 − 6471.74 6218.77 142.49 40.60 21.41 2010—2020年 1334.74 − 965.89 − 36.22 − 12.71 − 12.35 2000—2020年 − 5137.01 5252.88 106.27 27.89 9.06 
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