The main types of magmatism gold deposits and their mineralization in Gansu Province
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摘要:
甘肃作为黄金资源大省之一,金矿类型多样,成矿作用复杂,其中岩浆作用成矿是金矿床的主要成矿机制之一,构造−岩浆−成矿的找矿研究思路更适用于岩浆作用金矿床。甘肃岩浆岩省可划分为10个构造岩浆岩带,分布范围广、规模大的主要有北山构造岩浆岩带、秦岭−大别构造岩浆岩带、塔里木构造岩浆岩带、祁连山构造岩浆岩带、阿尔金构造岩浆岩带、北秦岭构造岩浆岩带等,这些区域也是金矿床分布较集中区域,主要岩浆作用金矿床类型有岩浆型矿床、接触交代型矿床、斑岩型矿床、岩浆热液型矿床和火山岩型矿床五大类。结合甘肃省构造岩浆岩带划分及其主要特征和金矿床分布,重点分析研究了北山构造岩浆岩带和秦岭−大别构造岩浆岩带的岩浆作用金矿床与岩浆岩的时空分布特征、主要类型金矿床的成矿物质来源和物理化学条件,总结了控矿因素,提出有利于金矿找矿的主要岩浆岩类型、空间范围和技术方法。
Abstract:As one of the provinces with large gold resources, Gansu Province has various types of gold ore mineralization and complex metallage, among which magmatic metallogenic is one of the main metallogenic mechanisms of gold deposits, and the prospecting research idea of tectonic−magmatism-metallogenic is more suitable for magmatic gold deposits. The magmatic rock province of Gansu Province can be divided into 10 tectonic magmatic rock belts, which are mainly Beishan tectonic magmatic belt, Qinling−Dabie tectonic magmatic belt, Tarim tectonic magmatic belt, Qilian Mountain tectonic magmatic belt, Altyn tectonic magmatic belt, North Qinling tectonic magmatic belt, etc., these areas are also relatively concentrated areas of gold deposits, and the main types of magmatic gold deposits are magmatic deposits, contact metasomatic deposits, porphyry deposits, magmatic hydrothermal deposits and volcanic rock deposits. Combined with the division of tectonic magmatic rock belts and their main characteristics and the distribution of gold deposits in Gansu Province, this paper focuses on the analysis and study of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of magmatic gold deposits and magmatic rocks, the mineral-forming sources and physicochemical conditions of the main types of gold deposits in the Beishan tectonic magmatic belt and the Qinling−Dabie tectonic magmatic belt, summarizes the ore control factors, and proposes the main magmatic rock types, spatial ranges and technical methods that are conducive to gold prospecting.
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图 1 甘肃省岩浆岩与金矿分布简图(据李通国等,2021修改)
Figure 1.
图 3 拾金坡金矿区地质平面(a)与剖面略图(b)(据安国堡,2006)
Figure 3.
图 4 西秦岭主要金矿床及花岗岩分布图(据Wang et al.,2019修改)
Figure 4.
图 6 西秦岭地区中酸性岩浆侵位期次图(数据据Sun et al., 2002; 金维浚等,2005; Qin et al., 2009; 张帆等,2009; Zhu et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2012; Zeng et al., 2012; Han et al., 2014; 闫海卿等,2014)
Figure 6.
图 8 北山地区金矿硫同位素分布图(数据据聂凤军等,2002a, b;安国堡,2006;刘伟等,2006;胡朋,2007;王玉玺等,2012)
Figure 8.
图 9 西秦岭地区金矿硫同位素分布(数据据冯建忠等,2003;张帆等,2009 ;Yang et al.,2012;Zeng et al.,2012)
Figure 9.
图 10 西秦岭地区金矿氢氧同位素分布(数据据Qin et al., 2009;Yang et al., 2012;张翔等,2017)
Figure 10.
图 11 北山南带岩浆热液型金矿区域成矿模式图(据王玉玺等,2019修改)
Figure 11.
表 1 北山成矿带金矿床成矿年龄与成矿有关岩体年龄对比
Table 1. Comparison table of metallogenic age of gold deposits and age of related rock bodies in Beishan metallogenic belt
位置 矿床名称 成矿时代/Ma 测试方法/测试对象 与成矿有关岩体年龄/Ma 来源文献 北山北带 马庄山 298±28 Rb−Sr/石英流体包裹体 303~301 李华芹等,1999 南金山 242.8 Ar−Ar/绢云母 244.15 江思宏等,2006 流沙山 260±10 Re−Os/辉钼矿 262~261 聂凤军等,2003 北山中带 金窝子 230±5.7 Rb−Sr/石英流体包裹体 375~354.1 胡霭琴等,1982,1986;陈富文等,1999 照壁山 296±5 Ar−Ar/绢云母 296 聂凤军等,2002b 北山南带 小西弓 284~267 K−Ar/绢云母 306~289 聂凤军等,2002a 拾金坡 403 U−Pb/锆石 409.3 安国堡,2006;胡朋,2007 新金厂、老金厂 270 据地质特征推断 270 胡朋,2007 -
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