The spatial changes of carbon storage and carbon fixation potential in five counties of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province
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摘要:
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区的拜泉、依安、富裕、克山和克东五县市是中国著名的黑土之乡，也是中国最重要的粮食产区。近年来，该区域有关有机碳和全碳密度及储量的研究较少。依托松嫩平原齐齐哈尔地区黑土地地表基质调查的土壤有机碳及全碳测试结果对研究区平原地区地表20 cm以浅的有机碳和全碳储量、密度、空间分布及固碳潜力进行研究，并使用主成分分析法对影响有机碳储量变化的因素进行分析。通过研究得出，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市五县全碳储量为82.17 Mt，有机碳储量为67.93 Mt，属较高水平。地统计分析结果指示，地区内有机碳储量具有一定空间自相关性，其主控因素主要为嫩江的水蚀作用，其次为土壤类型和土地利用类型的变化。研究区表现出了较强的碳汇效应，表层土壤有机碳的固碳潜力为20.10 Mt，属于较高水平。研究结果表明，稳定良好的土壤环境有利于碳的富集和汇聚，N、S、Se、P等元素的富集对固碳具有极高价值，K2O、Na2O等无机盐的增加和土壤沙化等生态脆弱现象对碳储和碳汇影响较大。
Abstract:The five counties and cities of Baiquan, Yi'an, Fuyu, Keshan, and Kedong in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, are famous as the hometown of black soil and also the most important grain producing areas in China. In recent years, there has been relatively little research on the density and storage of organic carbon (Corg) and total carbon (TC) in this region. This article relies on the soil organic carbon and soil total carbon test results obtained from the investigation of the black soil ground substrate in the Qiqihar area of the Songnen Plain to study the Corg and TC reserves, carbon density, spatial distribution, and carbon sequestration potential in the plain areas in the study area of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, with a depth of less than 20 cm, and then use principal component analysis to analyze the factors affecting changes in organic carbon storage. It is found that the TC reserves in five counties of Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province is 82.17 Mt, and the Corg reserves is 67.93 Mt, which are at a relatively high level. The results of geostatistical analysis indicate that the Corg reserves in the region have a certain spatial autocorrelation, and the main controlling factor is the water erosion of the Nenjiang River, followed by changes in soil type and land use type. It exhibits a strong carbon sink effect, with a carbon sequestration potential of 20.10 Mt for surface soil Corg, which is at a relatively high level. As a result, it has been found that a stable and good soil environment is conducive to the enrichment and aggregation of carbon. The enrichment of elements such as N, S, Se, and P has extremely high value for carbon sequestration. The increase of inorganic salts such as K2O and Na2O and ecological fragile phenomena such as soil desertification have a significant impact on carbon storage and carbon sink phenomena.
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Key words:
- organic carbon /
- carbon sequestration potential /
- carbon density /
- spatial distribution /
- carbon storage /
- Qiqihar
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表 1 研究区Corg和TC密度
Table 1. List of organic carbon and total carbon density in the study area
参数指标 Corg密度/（kg·m−2） TC密度/（kg·m−2） 平均值 4.111 4.973 含量范围 1.956~6.438 3.038~7.250 方差 0.5882 0.555 标准差 0.764 1.000 变异系数 0.186 0.149 
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表 2 各县TC和Corg储量分布情况
Table 2. Distribution of total carbon and organic carbon storage in each county
县域 土壤TC
储量/MtTC占总和
百分比/%土壤Corg
储量/MtCorg占总和
百分比/%依安县 17.177 20.90 13.897 20.457 富裕县 20.793 25.30 14.04 20.67 拜泉县 17.166 20.89 15.124 22.26 克山县 15.838 19.27 14.590 21.48 克东县 11.199 13.63 10.281 15.13 总和 82.17 100.00 67.93 100.00
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表 3 不同土壤类型中TC和Corg储量分布情况
Table 3. Distribution of total carbon and organic carbon storage in different soil types
土壤发生分类 面积/km2 面积占比/% 土壤TC储量/Mt TC密度/（kg·m−2） 土壤Corg储量/Mt Corg密度/（kg·m−2） 草甸土 6163.053 37.34% 29.822 4.839 24.754 4.016 暗棕壤 438.737 2.66% 2.113 4.816 1.917 4.370 黑土 5283.696 32.01% 26.836 5.079 24.474 4.632 黑钙土 3311.863 20.06% 16.878 5.096 12.111 3.657 风沙土 25.512 0.15% 0.099 3.871 0.071 2.785 其它 1232.006 7.46% 5.177 4.202 3.706 3.008 新积土 89.514 0.54% 0.400 4.473 0.357 3.983 沼泽土 163.359 0.99% 0.847 5.185 0.543 3.323
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表 4 不同土地利用类型中TC和Corg储量分布情况
Table 4. Distribution of total carbon and organic carbon storage in different land use types
土地利用类型 面积/km2 面积占比/% 土壤TC储量/Mt TC密度/（kg·m−2） 土壤Corg储量/Mt Corg密度/（kg·m−2） 草地 1710.940 10.33% 7.757 4.534 6.265 3.661 未利用地 39.758 0.24% 0.238 5.982 0.169 4.248 耕地 13209.100 79.75% 66.277 5.018 55.192 4.178 林地 333.237 2.01% 1.531 4.593 1.346 4.039 建筑用地 813.624 4.91% 4.006 4.923 3.365 4.136 湿地 365.743 2.21% 1.979 5.412 1.297 3.547
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表 5 土壤因子分析相关结果
Table 5. Results of soil factor analysis
因子 总计 方差贡献率 方差累计贡献率 因子1 6.228 41.520 41.520 因子2 3.633 24.221 65.741 因子3 2.337 15.581 81.322
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表 6 因子分析载荷系数
Table 6. Factor analysis load factor table
指标 F1 F2 F3 Corg/N 0.965 −0.041 0.073 Corg 0.959 −0.009 0.123 TC 0.854 0.444 0.038 P 0.818 −0.107 0.132 N 0.732 0.598 0.066 Se 0.618 −0.281 0.381 CaO −0.057 0.968 −0.051 IC 0.1 0.923 −0.134 pH −0.095 0.791 −0.035 SiO2 −0.175 −0.651 −0.609 Al2O3 0.132 −0.255 0.923 Fe2O3 0.164 −0.19 0.892 MgO 0.096 0.458 0.805 K2O −0.258 −0.165 −0.126 Na2O −0.275 0.02 −0.287
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表 7 研究区不同土地利用类型土壤固碳潜力
Table 7. Soil carbon sequestration potentials in the plain area of study area
土壤类型 固碳潜力/Mt 草甸土 8.469 暗棕壤 0.323 黑土 5.276 黑钙土 6.594 风沙土 0.0308 新积土 0.080 沼泽土 0.120 其他 1.246 总和 20.997
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