Short-wave infrared spectroscopy characteristics of alteration minerals and discovery of Be mineralization from Baiyinwula W−Sn deposit in Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
研究目的 内蒙古白音乌拉矿床位于大兴安岭南段锡银铅锌多金属成矿带，具有良好的稀有金属找矿前景，但在找矿勘查过程中，一直存在热液矿化中心不明、矿床成因认识不足等问题，影响了找矿效果。
研究方法 运用短波红外光谱技术对该矿区内13个钻孔的蚀变矿物类型和相对含量进行了详细分析。
研究结果 结果表明，矿区的主要蚀变矿物包括白云母族矿物（白云母、多硅白云母、伊利石）、绿泥石族矿物（铁绿泥石、铁镁绿泥石、镁绿泥石）、黑云母、黄玉和电气石，同时含有少量高岭石、地开石、蒙脱石和方解石。根据蚀变矿物填图，矿区的围岩蚀变总体可分为2个带：中深部的强云英岩化带（石英-多硅白云母-黄玉-绿泥石-萤石±黑云母±电气石）和浅部及外围的白云母-绿泥石蚀变带（石英-绿泥石-白云母±黑云母±电气石），强云英岩带与深部黑云母花岗岩的空间关系表明，成矿流体来自于黑云母花岗岩，该带也代表了本矿区的热液矿化中心。白云母族矿物的特征光谱参数显示，强云英岩化带内Pos2200和IC值均较高，远离该带则变低，Pos2200的增大受成矿流体成分、pH值、围岩性质及温度共同影响，而IC值主要与热液活动的温度相关。
结论 白云母高IC值（>2）可作为白音乌拉矿区的找矿标志。短波红外光谱技术在富F且发育云英岩化的花岗质岩浆-热液系统中是非常有效的勘查方法，富F矿物黄玉的快速识别，也可能暗示良好的锂、铍找矿潜力。该矿床以绿柱石为主的岩浆热液型铍矿化的发现，证明短波红外光谱技术良好的应用前景，同时也揭示了大兴安岭地区铍成矿类型的多样性，暗示区域上良好的铍找矿潜力，对区内稀有金属未来勘查目标和方向有一定启示意义。
Abstract:Objective Baiyinwula deposit is located in the tungsten−tin polymetallic mineralization belt in the southern section of Great Xing’an Range, which has good prospecting of rare metals. However, in the process of mineral exploration, there have been problems such as unclear hydrothermal mineralization centers and insufficient understanding of the genesis of mineral deposits, which have affected the effectiveness of mineral exploration.
Methods In this paper, the alteration mineral types and relative contents in this deposit were analyzed by using short−wave infrared spectroscopy.
Results The results show that the alteration minerals are dominated by muscovite, phengite, illite, chlorite, biotite, topaz and tourmaline, with small amounts of kaolinite, dickite, montmorillonite and calcite. Based on the alteration mineral mapping, two alteration zones are recognized in this deposit: a strong greisenization zone (quartz−phengite−topaz−chlorite−fluorite±biotite±tourmaline) in the middle and deep parts, and a muscovite−chlorite zone (quartz−chlorite−muscovite±biotite±tourmaline) in the shallow parts and the periphery. The spatial relationship between greisenization zone and biotite granite indicate that the hydrothermal fluids derived from the biotite granite and the strong greisenization zone represent the hydrothermal and mineralization center. The characteristic spectral parameters of white−mica group minerals show that the Pos2200 and IC values are relatively high within the strong greisenization zone, and decrease further away from the zone. The increase in Pos2200 is influenced by the composition of the ore−forming fluid, the properties of the surrounding rock, and temperature, while the IC value is mainly related to the temperature of hydrothermal fluid.
Conclusions High IC value (>2) of muscovite can be used as indicator for prospecting in this deposit. Short wave infrared spectroscopy technology is a very effective exploration method in F−rich granitic magma hydrothermal systems with greisenization. The rapid identification of F−rich topaz may also suggest good exploration potential for Li and Be. The discovery of magmatic−hydrothermal Be mineralization dominated by Beryl in this deposit demonstrates the good application prospects of short wave infrared spectroscopy technology, and also reveals the diversity of Be mineralization types in Great Xing’an Range, implying good potential for Be exploration in the region. It has certain enlightening significance for future exploration targets and directions of rare metals in this region.
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图 1 大兴安岭南段地区大地构造位置图（a）和典型矿床分布图（b）(据Li et al., 2020修改)
Figure 1.
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