Crustal structure and formation mechanism of the fold-and-thrust belt in and around Wuling mountains region
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摘要:
武陵山褶皱−冲断构造带位于扬子块体东缘，是华南地区最典型的由陆内挤压作用形成的重要线性构造带，了解其地壳结构与变形机制对于进一步深化认识该地区的构造演化过程至关重要。本文在综合多种地球物理成像、构造地质分析和数值、物理模拟研究的基础上，系统分析了该区的地壳深部结构、变形过程及浅表构造响应。结果表明：武陵山地区强重力梯度带的形成主要受控于地壳与岩石圈尺度的结构和物性差异；新元古代扬子和华夏块体的拼合过程造成了目前的地壳结构，形成莫霍界面的起伏、错断、叠置等变形特征；低速滑脱层和先存的区域断裂一起造成了上、下地壳的变形解耦，并在该区的构造演化中发挥了关键控制作用；晚中生代古太平洋板块俯冲产生的远场应力可能是造成该区褶皱−冲断变形的主要动力。本研究可为华南地区陆内变形机制研究提供新的启示，并有助于为其他地区开展类似研究提供借鉴。
Abstract:The Wuling fold−and−thrust belt, located along the eastern margin of the Yangtze block, is a significant linear tectonic belt shaped by the intra−continental compressional forces in South China. Understanding its formation mechanisms is crucial for advancing broader tectonic evolution of the region. This study examines the deep crustal architecture, deformation processes, and surface tectonics within the Wuling fold−and−thrust belt by integrating high−resolution geophysical imaging, detailed tectonic analysis, and recent numerical and analog modeling. The key findings are as follows: ① The pronounced gravity gradient belt across the Wuling Mountains is primarily controlled by structural and compositional variations at the crustal and lithospheric levels; ② The Neoproterozoic collision and subsequent amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks shaped the crustal structure, leading to the Moho undulation, break−off, imbrication, and other related features; ③ A low−velocity décollement layer, in combination with pre−existing regional faults, facilitated crustal decoupling and played a critical role in the structural evolution of the belt; ④ Far−field stresses from Paleo−Pacific plate subduction during the Late Mesozoic were the primary drivers of the observed fold−and−thrust deformation. These findings may offer new insights into knowledge on the intra−continental deformation mechanisms in South China and also contribute to refining tectonic models in other similar regions.
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图 1 武陵山褶皱-冲断带及邻区地质构造简图（红色虚线范围为研究区武陵山褶皱−冲断带；褶皱信息据张岳桥等，2012；地质图数据据Steinshouer et al., 1999）
Figure 1.
图 3 A-A′构造廊带辖区重力异常与地形和构造特征(廊带位置见图2–b；据Yan et al., 2003; 胡召齐等, 2009; 吴航等，2019修改）
Figure 3.
图 4 穿过武陵山褶皱−冲断带的深反射地震偏移叠加剖面(a)及对本地震剖面的构造解译(b)（据Li et al., 2018修改，测线位置见图2）
Figure 4.
图 6 跨武陵山褶皱-冲断带剖面的接收函数共转换点叠加成像（据Huang et al., 2014修改；剖面位置见图2-b，LCH、ENS、HFE、YDU为地震台站名称）
Figure 6.
图 7 跨武陵山褶皱−冲断带的S波速度结构剖面（速度模型数据据Zhang et al., 2024；剖面中黑色和红色线条为根据深反射地震偏移叠加剖面解译的深部地层与构造起伏形态，据Li et al., 2018修改；断裂名称缩写同图1）
Figure 7.
图 8 武陵山褶皱−冲断带形成过程的物理模拟（a）和离散元数值模拟（b）(据Feng et al., 2023修改；图中不同颜色表示模拟中设计的不同层位信息，图a中红色线条表示断裂；断裂名称缩写同图1)
Figure 8.
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