Warm subduction origin of 2.5 Ga TTG in Zhongtiao Mountains, Shanxi: Constraints from phase equilibrium modeling
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摘要:
2.5 Ga左右地球上发生的构造机制转换，是地球演化历史中最重要的地质阶段之一，制约着地球早期大陆生长及克拉通作用的方式。TTG（奥长花岗岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩岩石组合）作为太古宙大陆地壳主体，探究其形成环境有助于更好地理解太古宙的板块构造动力学机制。但由于TTG含水熔融形成过程中的P-T条件缺失，热力学性质控制的板块构造机制无法被很好地识别。以中条山约2.5 Ga的TTG 为研究对象，选取中条山文家坡约2.5 Ga 的变玄武岩为源岩，对其进行 TTG 岩浆的定量正演模拟计算。发现在900℃/GPa地温梯度下，发生25%的含水熔融能够满足中条山约2.5 Ga TTG 形成条件。据此推测，此类 TTG形成于暖俯冲环境，揭示约2.5 Ga华北克拉通已经存在与地球板块生长事件对应的水平生长机制。同时部分地球化学指标的异常，也揭示构造机制已开始走向类似现代板块构造的趋势。
Abstract:The tectonic transition that occurred around 2.5 Ga represents one of the most significant geological events in Earth's history, shaping the early processes of continental growth and cratonization. As the dominant component of the Archean continental crust, TTGs provide valuable insights into the dynamic mechanisms of Archean plate tectonics. However, the lack of data on the pressure−temperature (P−T) conditions during the water−bearing melting processes of TTGs limits our ability to fully identify the tectonic mechanisms involved. This study investigates the 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Zhongtiao Mountains, using 2.5 Ga metabasalt from Wenjiapo as the source rock. Quantitative forward modeling of TTG magmatism revealed that 25% water−bearing melting at a geothermal gradient of 900℃/GPa satisfies the conditions for the formation of the 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Zhongtiao Mountains. The findings suggest that these TTGs formed in a warm subduction environment, indicating that by 2.5 Ga, the North China Craton had already developed a horizontal growth mechanism, consistent with global plate growth events. Additionally, anomalies in certain geochemical indicators suggest that the tectonic mechanism was beginning to transition toward a modern plate subduction environment.
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图 1 华北克拉通前寒武纪地质体分布图 (据第五春荣, 2021修改)
Figure 1.
图 4 文家坡变玄武岩P-T相图（黑色虚线表示熔体的质量百分比（%）；红色虚线表示地温梯度（°C/GPa）；黄色区域表示在低压下产生的熔体组成（LP-TTG），绿色区域表示在中压下产生的熔融组成（MP-TTG），蓝色区域表示在高压下产生的熔化组成（HP-TTG）。高压、中压和低压型TTG的划分根据Moyen (2011) 。斜长石、角闪石、金红石和石榴子石的稳定域界线分别用紫色、橙色、蓝色和绿色线表示，红线表示固相线）
Figure 4.
图 7 文家坡变玄武岩在不同熔融程度下微量元素与TTG对比图（灰色阴影区域表示约2.5 Ga TTG片麻岩成分数值在2个标准差之内2σ的范围;TTG平均值指中条山约 2.5 Ga TTG片麻岩微量元素的平均值与原始地幔的比值，其他（10%，15%，20%……）指不同熔融程度下微量元素的成分与原始地幔的比值，二者进行对比可判断TTG形成时的熔融条件）
Figure 7.
表 1 源岩地球化学成分（FeO代表全铁含量，Fe3+/ ΣFe = 0.1（mol%））(据Berry et al., 2008)
Table 1. Bulk-rock compositions used for the phase diagram
源岩化学成分 H2O SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO FeO K2O Na2O TiO2 O2 数值/mol% 5.535 52.079 7.893 9.894 8.997 10.329 0.968 2.533 1.054 0.717 
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