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摘要:
非洲大陆地质演化历史悠久，矿产资源丰富。综合已有研究成果，对非洲大陆地质背景、构造单元划分及主要构造单元特征进行简要总结。非洲大陆跨特提斯和冈瓦纳两大构造域，大部分属于冈瓦纳构造域，主要由太古宙—古元古代结晶基底、上覆盖层和泛非构造带组成。根据非洲大陆地质背景和构造演化，在前人研究的基础上，将非洲大陆划分为2个一级构造单元，10个二级构造单元和55个三级构造单元。这些不同级别的构造单元较全面地概括了非洲大陆的地质面貌。
Abstract:Africa has a long history of geological evolution and rich in mineral resources. Based on the previous research results, this paper summarized the geological background, division of tectonic units and characteristics of major tectonic units. The African continent is composed of Tethys tectonic domain and Gondwana tectonic domain, most of which belong to the Gondwana tectonic domain. It is mainly composed of Archean to Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement, overlying strata and Pan-African tectonic belt. According to the geological background and tectonic evolution of the African continent, combined with previous studies, the African continent can be divided into 2 grade Ⅰ tectonic units, 10 grade Ⅱ tectonic units, 55 grade Ⅲ tectonic units. These different grades of tectonic units give a comprehensive overview of the geological characteristics of the African continent.
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表 1 非洲构造单元划分
Table 1. Tectonic units of African
一级构造单元 二级构造单元 三级构造单元 Ⅰ特提斯构造域 Ⅰ-1阿特拉斯褶皱造山带 Ⅱ冈瓦纳构造域 Ⅱ-1东非造山带 Ⅱ-1-1努比亚造山带 Ⅱ-1-2莫桑比克地盾 Ⅱ-1-3东非裂谷(东支) Ⅱ-1-4欧加登-索马里中新生代凹陷 Ⅱ-2撒哈拉克拉通 Ⅱ-2-1利比亚-埃及中新生代凹陷 Ⅱ-2-2乍得新生代凹陷 Ⅱ-2-3尼罗河新生代凹陷 Ⅱ-2-4达尔富尔-努巴山隆起 Ⅱ-3西非克拉通 Ⅱ-3-1雷圭巴特地盾 Ⅱ-3-2莱奥地盾 Ⅱ-3-3马恩地盾 Ⅱ-3-4陶德尼盆地 Ⅱ-3-5沃尔特盆地 Ⅱ-4环西非克拉通泛非活动带 Ⅱ-4-1图阿雷格地盾 Ⅱ-4-2贝宁—尼日利亚地盾 Ⅱ-4-3小阿特拉斯带 Ⅱ-4-4廷杜夫-拉甘盆地 Ⅱ-4-5罗克列德—毛里塔尼亚构造带 Ⅱ-4-6阿尔及利亚中南盆地 Ⅱ-4-7尼日尔盆地 Ⅱ-5大西洋沿岸断陷盆地带 Ⅱ-5-1非洲西北沿海盆地 Ⅱ-5-2赤道大西洋盆地 Ⅱ-5-3阿普第阶含盐盆地 Ⅱ-6乌班吉迪斯造山带 Ⅱ-7刚果克拉通 Ⅱ-7-1加蓬变质带 Ⅱ-7-2加蓬地块 Ⅱ-7-3西刚果造山带 Ⅱ-7-4安哥拉地块 Ⅱ-7-5卡奥科活动带 Ⅱ-7-6卡赛地块 Ⅱ-7-7卢弗里安构造带 Ⅱ-7-8伊鲁米德构造带 Ⅱ-7-9班韦乌卢地块 Ⅱ-7-10基巴拉构造带 Ⅱ-7-11东北刚果地块 Ⅱ-7-12乌干达地块 Ⅱ-7-13Rusizian构造带 Ⅱ-7-14北东基巴拉造山带 Ⅱ-7-15坦桑尼亚克拉通 Ⅱ-7-16乌本迪-乌萨迦兰构造带 Ⅱ-7-17安东吉-塔纳纳利佛地块 Ⅱ-7-18齐沃利造山带 Ⅱ-7-19贝马里武构造带 Ⅱ-8中南非泛非活动带 Ⅱ-8-1卢里奥盆地 Ⅱ-8-2南伊鲁米德构造带 Ⅱ-8-3赞比西活动带 Ⅱ-8-4达马拉活动带 Ⅱ-8-5那马奎活动带 Ⅱ-8-6开普造山带 Ⅱ-8-7纳塔尔活动带 Ⅱ-9卡拉哈里克拉通 Ⅱ-9-1卡普瓦尔克拉通 Ⅱ-9-2海斯活动带 Ⅱ-9-3林波波构造带 Ⅱ-9-4津巴布韦克拉通 Ⅱ-9-5马刚迪构造带 Ⅱ-9-6乔马-卡罗莫地块 
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