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摘要:
莫桑比克位于非洲东南部，是加强“一带一路”矿业产能合作的重要国家。在研究莫桑比克矿产资源分布特征、重要矿山开发现状的基础上，从政局稳定性、营商环境等方面对中资企业赴莫开展矿业投资的前景进行了分析。结合优势矿种分布、重要矿山开发现状、投资环境等因素，莫桑比克的优势资源油气主要分布于森托奥-鲁伍玛-赞比西-马普托成矿带的鲁伍玛盆地和莫桑比克盆地，煤主要位于森托奥-赞比西成矿带，钛、锆集中于森托奥-鲁伍玛-赞比西-马普托成矿带滨海地区，金主要分布于尼亚萨-安格尼亚-津巴布韦成矿带及津巴布韦-森托奥-巴鲁埃成矿带，石墨主要分布于莫桑比克成矿带安夸贝等地区，钽、铌主要分布于莫桑比克成矿带南部上利戈尼亚地区。研究表明，莫桑比克矿产资源十分丰富，尤其是石油、天然气、煤、钽铌矿、重砂矿(钛、锆)等资源在全球占有重要地位且产地相对集中。虽然存在基础设施落后、基础地质资料缺乏、司法程序冗长等不利因素，但投资者可先从资源丰富、开发基础较好的重砂矿(钛、锆)和金矿入手，瞄准机会投资开发潜力较大的石油、石墨、铌钽等矿种。同时，加强与莫桑比克本土矿业企业开展国际产能合作，带动当地社会经济发展，共同打造绿色低碳发展模式。
Abstract:Mozambique, located in the southeast of Africa, is a vital country to strengthen the "One Belt And One Road" mining production capacity cooperation.Based on the study of the distribution of mineral resources and development status of important mines in Mozambique, the prospect of Chinese enterprises' mining investment in Mozambique is analyzed from the aspects of political stability and business environment.Mozambique's dominant oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the Luvuma and Mozambique basins in the Sentoo-Rovuma-Zambezi-Maputo metallogenic belt, coal mainly in the Sentoo-Zambezi metallogenic belt, titanium-zirconium in the coastal area of the Sentoo-Rovuma-Zambezi-Maputo metallogenic belt, gold mainly in Niassa-Angónia- Zimbabwe metallogenic belt and Zimbabwe-Sentoo-Baruhe metallogenic belt, graphite in the Ancuabe and other areas of the Mozambique metallogenic belt, and tantalum and niobium in the Alto Ligonha area in the southern part of the Mozambique metallogenic belt.Mozambique is rich in mineral resources, especially oil, natural gas, coal, tantalum-niobium and heavy sand ore (titanium-zirconium) occupy an important position in the world.Although there are some unfavorable factors, such as backward infrastructure, lack of basic geological data and lengthy judicial procedures, it is believed that investors can start with heavy sand ore (titanium zirconium) and gold deposits with abundant resources and a good development basis; then targeting opportunities to invest in the development of petroleum, graphite, niobium tantalum and other minerals with greater potential; and at the same time, strengthen the international production capacity cooperation with local enterprises in Mozambique, promote local social and economic development, and jointly create a green and low-carbon development model.
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Table 1. Summary of titanium and zirconium mineral resources of Mozambique offshore
104 t 矿床名称 类型 TiO2资源量 金红石中TiO2资源量 ZrO2资源量 独居石资源量 莫马(Moma) 超大型 15 000 300 1000 17 希布托(Chiburo) 超大型 2 250 — — — 莫贝兹(Moebase) 大型 104 8.65 4.99 — 拓扑托(Tupuito) 中型 12.35 1.13 0.717 — 马西卡尼(Maxecane) 中型 100 — — — 帕迪(LagoaPati) 中型 100 — — — 多格(Ldugo) 中型 65 4 6 — 注：“—”代表未查到相应数据 
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① 应对全球化: 全球矿产资源信息系统数据库建设(之七) —非洲卷: 利比里亚、莫桑比克、纳米比亚. 中国地质调查局发展研究中心, 2007.
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