Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical characteristics of basalts in Zhongcang area, central Tibet: constraints on the evolution of Shiquan River-Namu Co back-arc basin
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摘要:
狮泉河-纳木错混杂带的构造属性和演化时限一直存在较大的争议，其研究对认识青藏高原早期形成与演化具有重要的意义。对西藏中仓蛇绿混杂岩中发育的玄武岩端元进行了系统的岩石学、地质年代学和地球化学研究，以揭示其形成时代、岩石成因及构造意义。中仓玄武岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为115.7±2.0 Ma，与区域上辉长岩的形成时代一致。玄武岩整体具有相对平坦的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线，与洋中脊玄武岩相似，且显示Th的富集和Nb、Ta的亏损。研究认为，中仓玄武岩起源于受俯冲沉积物改造的尖晶石橄榄岩地幔部分熔融，形成于弧后扩张脊环境。结合区域上同时期辉长岩的研究结果，认为狮泉河-纳木错混杂带是中生代弧后洋盆消亡的残迹，是班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲，引发弧后拉张的产物。
Abstract:Tectonic attribute and evolution history of Shiquan River-Namu Co mélange zone have been controversial for a long time.This paper deals with the petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the basalts from the Zhongcang ophiolite mélange, in order to reveal its formation age, petrogenesis and tectonic significance.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of Zhongcang basalt is 115.7±2.0 Ma, which is consistent with the formation age of gabbro in the region.The Zhongcang basalts have a relatively flat REE distribution curve, similar to the mid-ocean ridge basalt(MORB).Furthermore, these samples show Th enrichment and Nb, Ta depletion.It is proposed that the Zhongcang basalts were derived by partial melting of the spinel peridotite mantle, which was modified by subduction sediments, in the back-arc basin spreading center.Combined with the study of the regional gabbros, our research favors that the Shiquan River-Namu Co mélange zone represents the remnant of a Mesozoic back-arc basin, which was produced by the back-arc rifting in response to the southward oceanic subduction of Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean.
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表 1 中仓玄武岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating for Zhongcang basalts
点号 元素含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Th U Pb 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 01 129 228 4.65 0.56 0.04830 0.0049 0.1209 0.0120 0.01815 0.0004 114 184 116 11 116 2 02 181 307 6.45 0.59 0.04836 0.0048 0.1246 0.0120 0.01868 0.0004 117 181 119 11 119 2 03 158 275 5.59 0.58 0.04833 0.0044 0.1204 0.0110 0.01807 0.0004 115 163 115 10 115 2 04 119 183 3.86 0.65 0.04835 0.0055 0.1232 0.0140 0.01847 0.0005 116 194 118 12 118 3 05 114 192 3.77 0.59 0.04826 0.0063 0.1156 0.0150 0.01737 0.0004 112 236 111 13 111 3 06 161 226 4.87 0.71 0.04848 0.0055 0.1224 0.0140 0.01830 0.0004 123 211 117 12 117 3 07 148 202 4.12 0.73 0.04835 0.0063 0.1157 0.0150 0.01735 0.0004 116 240 111 14 111 2 08 87 165 3.50 0.53 0.04824 0.0076 0.1260 0.0200 0.01894 0.0005 111 265 121 18 121 3 09 52 108 2.27 0.48 0.04858 0.0130 0.1251 0.0330 0.01866 0.0006 128 416 120 30 119 4 10 83 129 2.52 0.65 0.04835 0.0100 0.1137 0.0240 0.01705 0.0005 116 340 109 22 109 3 11 88 156 3.01 0.56 0.04824 0.0091 0.1165 0.0220 0.01752 0.0005 111 303 112 20 112 3 12 340 459 10.2 0.74 0.04838 0.0038 0.1259 0.0097 0.01886 0.0004 118 135 120 9 120 2 13 84 175 3.68 0.48 0.04850 0.0091 0.1252 0.0230 0.01871 0.0006 124 301 120 21 119 4 14 82 151 2.97 0.54 0.04834 0.0091 0.1163 0.0220 0.01745 0.0005 116 297 112 20 112 3 15 184 273 5.72 0.67 0.04830 0.0067 0.1210 0.0170 0.01817 0.0005 114 241 116 15 116 3 16 231 255 5.92 0.91 0.04820 0.0073 0.1236 0.0190 0.01860 0.0004 109 263 118 17 119 3 注：数据由中国地质大学(北京)地学实验中心测定 
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表 2 中仓玄武岩主量与微量元素分析结果
Table 2. Major and trace element compositions for Zhongcang basalts
样品号 T26H1 T26H2 T26H3 T26H4 T26H6 T7H4 T7H5 T7H6 T7H7 样品号 T26H1 T26H2 T26H3 T26H4 T26H6 T7H4 T7H5 T7H6 T7H7 SiO2 48.6 50.4 48.2 50.2 50.3 51.8 51.8 50.0 50.7 Nb 6.44 5.58 6.19 6.40 5.88 6.70 6.65 6.29 5.80 TiO2 1.78 1.86 1.94 1.90 1.86 1.93 2.06 1.96 1.79 Cs 7.02 9.29 13.81 16.9 10.9 4.55 3.58 17.4 5.95 Al2O3 15.5 15.2 16.0 15.1 15.2 15.1 14.7 15.4 15.1 Ba 45.7 47.0 53.2 58.5 45.1 28.1 37.3 71.7 44.8 Fe2O3 11.5 10.8 11.2 10.9 10.8 9.9 11.7 11.0 11.0 La 9.89 8.56 10.2 9.71 9.20 10.3 10.8 8.52 8.28 MnO 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.18 Ce 28.8 23.1 27.2 26.3 24.8 26.1 27.8 23.4 21.9 MgO 7.22 6.53 6.71 6.51 6.59 5.00 4.93 5.78 5.82 Pr 4.44 3.47 4.05 3.95 3.72 3.76 4.04 3.51 3.19 CaO 9.21 9.61 9.69 9.41 9.36 6.72 6.10 8.67 8.74 Nd 21.4 16.6 19.1 18.9 17.8 17.4 18.9 16.8 15.2 Na2O 4.39 3.89 4.35 4.14 4.01 5.46 4.93 4.17 4.03 Sm 6.62 5.06 5.68 5.76 5.35 5.19 5.46 5.02 4.54 K2O 0.50 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.21 0.31 0.40 0.27 Eu 2.01 1.67 1.95 1.91 1.79 1.51 1.69 1.71 1.55 P2O5 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.20 Gd 8.85 6.61 7.33 7.50 6.99 6.48 6.72 6.28 5.67 烧失量 1.58 1.49 1.74 1.67 1.69 3.04 2.52 1.76 1.82 Tb 1.55 1.13 1.26 1.28 1.19 1.10 1.13 1.07 0.96 总计 100.73 100.60 100.74 100.60 100.60 99.49 99.46 99.57 99.56 Dy 10.4 7.46 8.27 8.51 7.89 7.08 7.30 7.01 6.20 Li 19.4 16.0 19.7 17.6 16.6 7.7 12.5 11.1 4.4 Ho 2.31 1.61 1.77 1.83 1.71 1.50 1.54 1.47 1.31 Sc 46.9 41.3 45.0 45.0 43.9 38.2 36.1 40.9 39.4 Er 6.69 4.57 5.04 5.21 4.80 4.37 4.47 4.26 3.80 V 289 256 279 283 273 266 274 281 258 Tm 0.96 0.64 0.70 0.72 0.67 0.62 0.64 0.61 0.54 Cr 224 55.0 53.0 53.7 56.7 36.1 21.0 68.1 82.4 Yb 6.27 4.13 4.56 4.75 4.39 4.00 4.14 3.90 3.43 Co 47.6 44.7 45.7 47.0 45.6 37.6 31.7 33.5 33.5 Lu 0.92 0.59 0.66 0.68 0.63 0.60 0.62 0.58 0.52 Ni 76.8 40.3 41.0 42.0 40.8 28.8 19.3 47.0 32.7 Hf 5.22 3.69 4.03 4.21 3.87 4.03 4.17 3.66 3.43 Cu 13.5 114 105 126 112 271 45.5 26.7 50.1 Ta 0.58 0.35 0.38 0.56 0.42 0.45 0.43 0.39 0.42 Zn 91.9 84.8 206 239 100.3 98.7 60.5 52.8 74.3 Pb 1.01 0.97 0.91 1.07 0.94 0.95 1.15 1.16 1.18 Ga 24.2 21.0 22.9 22.9 21.8 16.9 17.5 19.7 18.1 Th 0.44 0.79 0.95 0.99 0.91 2.59 2.62 0.80 1.89 Rb 15.9 10.2 10.2 10.8 11.0 6.57 8.61 12.8 8.21 U 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.55 0.55 0.20 0.41 Sr 214 256 325 312 274 185 202 253 208 Eu/ Eu* 0.80 0.89 0.92 0.89 0.89 0.80 0.85 0.93 0.93 Y 54.0 37.6 41.5 42.1 39.3 41.1 42.3 40.0 35.3 Zr 217 160 175 180 165 173 176 164 144 (La/ Yb)N 1.13 1.49 1.60 1.47 1.50 1.84 1.87 1.57 1.73 注：由中国地质大学(北京)地学实验中心测定；主量元素含量单位为%，微量及稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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表 3 中仓玄武岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果
Table 3. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions for Zhongcang basalts
测点 t/Ma 176Hf/177Hf 1δ 176Yb/ 177Hf 1δ 176Lu/177Hf" 1δ εHf(0) 1σ εHf(t) 1σ tDM1/Ma tDM2/Ma fLu/Hf 01 116 0.282723 0.000038 0.065919 0.000329 0.001417 0.000017 -1.73 1.44 0.71 1.45 758 1001 -0.96 02 119 0.282871 0.000036 0.055166 0.000345 0.001293 0.000008 3.51 1.36 5.96 1.37 544 708 -0.96 03 115 0.282779 0.000046 0.075255 0.000704 0.001463 0.000010 0.26 1.69 2.69 1.69 678 891 -0.96 04 118 0.282747 0.000046 0.056877 0.000363 0.001055 0.000004 -0.90 1.70 1.56 1.70 717 954 -0.97 05 111 0.282693 0.000040 0.064649 0.000563 0.001294 0.000024 -2.79 1.51 -0.34 1.51 798 1060 -0.96 06 117 0.282736 0.000041 0.054546 0.000297 0.001115 0.000006 -1.28 1.54 1.18 1.54 734 975 -0.97 07 111 0.282722 0.000113 0.069112 0.000684 0.001402 0.000021 -1.77 4.03 0.67 4.03 759 1003 -0.96 08 121 0.282716 0.000064 0.070293 0.000535 0.001242 0.000009 -2.00 2.33 0.45 2.33 765 1015 -0.96 09 119 0.282820 0.000045 0.070841 0.000938 0.001282 0.000015 1.69 1.68 4.14 1.69 617 810 -0.96 10 109 0.282782 0.000034 0.049756 0.000189 0.000904 0.000005 0.36 1.30 2.83 1.30 664 883 -0.97 11 112 0.282743 0.000039 0.063740 0.000514 0.001165 0.000011 -1.03 1.46 1.42 1.47 725 961 -0.96 12 120 0.282758 0.000062 0.100194 0.000470 0.002179 0.000019 -0.50 2.24 1.88 2.25 723 936 -0.93 13 119 0.283023 0.000055 0.090174 0.000801 0.001922 0.000014 8.89 2.01 11.29 2.02 332 410 -0.94 14 112 0.282743 0.000071 0.073608 0.000282 0.001536 0.000016 -1.02 2.56 1.41 2.56 731 962 -0.95 15 116 0.282809 0.000042 0.059731 0.000327 0.001052 0.000004 1.30 1.55 3.77 1.56 629 831 -0.97 16 119 0.283063 0.000167 0.137430 0.003880 0.002542 0.000088 10.29 5.93 12.64 5.94 279 334 -0.92 注：由武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司测定；εHf(0)=((176Hf/177Hf)s/(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0-1)×10000; fLu/Hf=(176Lu/177Hf)s/(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR-1; εHf(t)=((176Hf/177Hf)s-(176Lu/177Hf)s×(eλt-1)/((176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0-(176Lu/177Hf)chur×(eλt-1))-1)×10000; tDM1=1/λ×(1+(176Hf/177Hf)s-(176Hf/177Hf)DM/((176Lu/177Hf)s-(176Lu/177Hf)DM)); tDM2=tDM1(Hf)-(tDM1(Hf)-t)((fcc-fs)/(fcc-fDM)), (176Hf/177Hf)s和(176Lu/177Hf)s是样品的测量值; (176Lu/177Hf)CHUR=0.0332和(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0=0.282772;(176Lu/177Hf)DM=0.0384和(176Hf/177Hf)DM=0.28325; fcc=-0.548(大陆地壳平均值)，fDM=0.16, t为锆石年龄, λ=1.865×10-11 a-1用于计算
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