Research on application of in-seam air directional drilling under complex working conditions
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摘要: 碎软煤层在我国煤炭资源中占比大，一般顺煤层钻孔成孔性差、成孔深度浅，而以空气作为冲洗介质的定向钻进工艺是解决碎软突出煤层钻进问题的有效方法。部分矿区受复杂工况影响，致使冲洗介质产生大量凝结水造成碎软煤层顺煤层空气定向钻进效率极低、甚至难以钻进的情况。因此，本文从井下碎软煤层空气定向钻进技术出发，对复杂工况下空气冲洗介质中凝结水形成机制以及空气钻进中凝结水对定向钻进作业的影响进行分析与研究，并通过改进冲洗介质管道装置解决了这一复杂工况下产生的钻进低效问题。该研究成果在西南某矿得以验证和应用，在使用改进工艺时空气螺杆马达在软煤顺层定向钻进的单班最大进尺达到51 m、单孔钻进最大平均速度达到34.5 m/班次，为相似工况下顺煤层钻孔施工提供了范例，对复杂工况下碎软煤层钻孔成孔研究有重要推进意义。Abstract: Broken soft coal seams account for a large proportion of coal resources in China， and generally， in-seam drilling is featured of poor hole-forming and shallow drilling depth； while air as a flushing medium of directional drilling process is an effective way to solve the outstanding problems in soft coal seam drilling. In some mining areas， a large amount of condensed water is generated by the flushing medium due to complex working conditions， resulting in extremely low efficiency of in-seam directional drilling， or even difficulty in drilling in broken and soft coal seams. Therefore， from the perspective of underground directional drilling technology for broken soft coal seams， the author analyzes and studies the formation mechanism of condensed water in the air flushing medium under complex working conditions and the influence of condensed water on directional drilling operations in air drilling， and has solved the problem of low drilling efficiency under the complex working conditions by improving the flushing medium channel device. The research results have been verified and applied in a mine in Southwest China. With the improved process， the maximum footage per shift of in-seam directional drilling with the air screw motor reached 51m in soft coal seam with the maximum average drilling rate for a single hole up to 34.5m/shift， which provides an example for in-seam drilling in the similar environment and has important significance for promoting the research on drilling in broken soft coal seam under complex working conditions.
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