Formation Age, Petrogenesis and Geological Significance of Late Jurassic Granodiorites in Kayico Area, Northern Tibet
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摘要:
南羌塘地块南缘在中—晚侏罗世爆发了大规模、多样性的岩浆作用，是认识班公湖–怒江缝合带构造演化过程的理想研究对象。笔者对卡易错地区出露的花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学以及锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试分析和研究工作。测年结果表明，卡易错花岗闪长岩形成于158 Ma，与区域上中—晚侏罗世岩浆活动时代相一致，其地球化学组成显示高SiO2和全碱含量（Na2O+K2O）、低MgO和TiO2的含量，并显示Eu、Sr、Ba的负异常，具有钙碱性I型花岗岩的特征。结合区域现有研究资料，研究认为卡易错花岗闪长岩是古老变火成岩下地壳部分熔融、并经历结晶分异作用的产物，是班公湖–怒江特提斯洋洋壳北向俯冲在南羌塘地块南缘引发的弧型岩浆活动。结合区域研究资料，卡易错地区同时发育钙碱性I型和高分异型两类花岗岩，分别代表着熔体在浅层岩浆房内经历矿物结晶作用后不同端元冷凝的产物。
Abstract:The widely distributed Middle-Late Jurassic magmatic rocks in south margin of Southern Qiangtang block display complex geochemical compositions, providing an ideal research object for the tectonic evolution of Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone. In this paper, zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock geochemistry and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes of Kayico granodiorites were analyzed. The investigated granodiorites yielded zircon ages of 158 Ma, coeval with the regional Middle-Late Jurassic magmatic rocks. Geochemically, the granodiorites were characterized by high SiO2 and total alkalis (Na2O+K2O) contents, but low MgO and TiO2 contents, with depletion in Eu、Sr、Ba, suggesting a geochemical affinity with calc alkaline I-type granites. Combined with the regional research data, it is thus concluded that these granodiorites were derived by partial melting of the ancient metaigneous lower crust, followed by vary degree of crystallization differentiation. Our research favor that the Middle-Late Jurassic magmatic rocks in Southern Qiangtang block were generated in an arc setting during the northward subduction of Bangong-Nujiang oceanic lithosphere. Furthermore, considering the preexisting geochemical data, the granitic rocks of Kayico area can be divided into two groups of calc-alkaline I-type granites and highly fractionated granites, which were derived by the different end-members of the crystal mush process within the shallow crust.
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Key words:
- Tibetan Plateau /
- Late Jurassic /
- Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone /
- petrogenesis /
- oceanic subduction
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图 4 卡易错花岗岩TAS图解（Middlemost, 1994）（a）、K2O-SiO2图解（Le Maitre et al., 1989; Rickwood, 1989）（b）和A/NK-A/CNK图解（c）（Shand, 1943）
Figure 4.
图 6 卡易错花岗岩（Na2O/K2O）/CaO-Zr+Ce+Nb+Y图解（a）、FeOt/MgO-Zr+Ce+Nb+Y图解（b）（Whalen et al., 1987）、P2O5-SiO2图解（c）和Th-Rb图解（d）（Li et al., 2007）
Figure 6.
图 7 卡易错花岗岩CaO/Na2O-Al2O3/TiO2图解（a）、Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr图解（b）（Sylvester, 1998）、 Rb/Sr-Sr图解（c）、Ba-Sr图解（d）（Rollinson, 1993）
Figure 7.
表 1 卡易错花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results for zircons of Kayico granodiorites
点号 同位素比值（1σ） 年龄比值（Ma） 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 18T12-01 0.04954 0.00219 0.17017 0.00781 0.02491 0.00066 173 59 160 7 159 4 18T12-02 0.04929 0.00266 0.16824 0.00927 0.02475 0.00067 162 78 158 8 158 4 18T12-03 0.04965 0.00191 0.16944 0.00690 0.02475 0.00064 179 50 159 6 158 4 18T12-04 0.04989 0.00233 0.16974 0.00824 0.02467 0.00064 190 66 159 7 157 4 18T12-05 0.04939 0.00438 0.17064 0.01519 0.02505 0.00071 166 147 160 13 159 4 18T12-06 0.05092 0.00237 0.16985 0.00810 0.02419 0.00066 237 61 159 7 154 4 18T12-07 0.04885 0.00211 0.16623 0.00740 0.02467 0.00067 141 56 156 6 157 4 18T12-08 0.04955 0.00218 0.17037 0.00777 0.02493 0.00066 174 59 160 7 159 4 18T12-09 0.04888 0.00299 0.16655 0.01042 0.02471 0.00064 142 95 156 9 157 4 18T12-10 0.05012 0.00238 0.17289 0.00852 0.02501 0.00065 201 67 162 7 159 4 18T12-11 0.04908 0.00453 0.16867 0.01561 0.02492 0.00071 152 154 158 14 159 4 18T12-12 0.04889 0.00190 0.16671 0.00681 0.02472 0.00065 143 50 157 6 157 4 18T12-13 0.04940 0.00280 0.17026 0.00980 0.02499 0.00069 167 83 160 9 159 4 18T12-14 0.04970 0.00173 0.16964 0.00637 0.02475 0.00064 181 43 159 6 158 4 18T12-15 0.04905 0.00219 0.16888 0.00775 0.02496 0.00068 150 59 158 7 159 4 18T12-16 0.04950 0.00233 0.17051 0.00831 0.02498 0.00066 172 66 160 7 159 4 18T12-17 0.05017 0.00176 0.17246 0.00651 0.02492 0.00064 203 44 162 6 159 4 18T12-18 0.04892 0.00463 0.16803 0.01594 0.02490 0.00071 144 159 158 14 159 4 18T12-19 0.05000 0.00226 0.17212 0.00808 0.02496 0.00066 195 62 161 7 159 4 18T12-20 0.04862 0.00207 0.17018 0.00751 0.02538 0.00068 130 56 160 7 162 4 
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表 2 卡易错花岗闪长岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成
Table 2. Lu-Hf isotopes of zircons from the Kayico granodiorites.
点号 年龄 （Ma） 176Hf/177Hf 1σ 176Lu/177Hf 1σ 176Yb/177Hf 1σ εHf（0） 1σ εHf（t） 1σ TDM1 TDMC fLu/Hf 18T12-01 159 0.282608 0.000008 0.000562 0.000003 0.017391 0.000117 −5.81 0.59 −2.38 0.60 901 1207 −0.98 18T12-02 158 0.282602 0.000009 0.000996 0.000005 0.031211 0.000271 −6.03 0.61 −2.66 0.62 921 1222 −0.97 18T12-03 158 0.282609 0.000010 0.000842 0.000026 0.026596 0.000831 −5.77 0.61 −2.39 0.62 907 1207 −0.97 18T12-04 154 0.282618 0.000010 0.000867 0.000013 0.027469 0.000376 −5.46 0.62 −2.17 0.63 895 1191 −0.97 18T12-05 159 0.282641 0.000009 0.000427 0.000002 0.012865 0.000067 −4.65 0.61 −1.20 0.62 853 1142 −0.99 18T12-06 157 0.282643 0.000009 0.000608 0.000005 0.019402 0.000131 −4.57 0.60 −1.18 0.61 854 1139 −0.98 18T12-07 159 0.282631 0.000008 0.000532 0.000001 0.016431 0.000077 −4.98 0.59 −1.55 0.60 868 1161 −0.98 18T12-08 159 0.282669 0.000009 0.001145 0.000043 0.037412 0.001346 −3.64 0.60 −0.27 0.61 829 1090 −0.97
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表 3 卡易错花岗闪长岩全岩主量（%）和微量（10−6）元素分析结果
Table 3. Whole-rock major (%) and trace (10−6) element contents of Kayico granodiorites
元素 T12h1 T12h2 T12h3 T12h4 元素 T12h1 T12h2 T12h3 T12h4 SiO2 63.6 65.2 64.5 62.6 Zr 248 230 244 245 TiO2 0.78 0.68 0.71 0.81 Nb 13.8 13.1 13.7 14.1 Al2O3 16.1 15.9 16.2 16.6 Sn 3.58 5.26 4.55 4.30 TFe2O3 5.37 4.53 4.82 5.12 Cs 17.5 21.1 14.6 20.0 MnO 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.07 Ba 457 383 401 428 MgO 2.34 2.06 2.07 2.33 La 29.8 32.7 32.1 30.2 CaO 4.48 4.44 4.38 4.83 Ce 66.7 68.5 63.0 61.6 Na2O 2.70 2.74 2.83 2.74 Pr 6.97 7.45 7.02 6.90 K2O 2.86 2.78 2.57 2.77 Nd 26.37 28.1 27.3 25.4 P2O5 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.15 Sm 5.26 5.68 5.75 5.24 LOI 0.99 1.11 1.30 1.30 Eu 1.11 1.05 1.14 1.16 SUM 99.5 99.7 99.5 99.3 Gd 5.08 4.65 4.55 4.66 Li 56.7 49.2 63.6 54.6 Tb 0.83 0.83 0.78 0.74 Be 1.97 2.31 2.18 2.07 Dy 4.95 5.01 4.54 4.49 Sc 14.9 12.7 13.8 14.8 Ho 1.00 1.01 0.91 0.92 V 74.0 61.3 67.1 74.1 Er 2.83 2.87 2.72 2.60 Cr 40.0 32.8 37.6 37.7 Tm 0.45 0.43 0.40 0.41 Co 15.4 11.5 12.9 12.8 Yb 2.70 2.78 2.46 2.42 Ni 16.6 14.3 15.2 15.5 Lu 0.41 0.44 0.37 0.37 Cu 104 45.7 44.1 45.7 Hf 6.64 6.24 6.79 6.29 Zn 56.6 43.1 45.7 51.6 Ta 1.02 1.10 1.05 0.98 Ga 19.2 18.8 19.1 19.5 Tl 1.33 1.40 1.13 1.34 Rb 170 185 169 178 Pb 8.40 9.57 7.76 10.2 Sr 188 181 194 203 Th 14.4 16.9 15.5 12.4 Y 28.2 28.0 26.8 24.8 U 2.18 2.88 2.52 2.23
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